1776

I am now entering on a new year, and am of

late constantly happy, feeling my heart much taken up with God, and hope thus to live and thus to die. Or, if there should be any alteration, may it be for the better, and not for the worse! This is my earnest desire and prayer to God.

“My residue of days or hours,

Thine, wholly thine, shall be;

And all my consecrated powers

A sacrifice to thee;

Till Jesus in the clouds appear

To saints on earth forgiven,

And bring the grand sabbatic year,

The jubilee of heaven.”

On Wednesday my soul was in a sweet and humble frame, and my heart was expanded both in preaching and meeting the class. I returned to Owen Myrick’sfe1 for lodging, and the next day after preaching spoke to about thirty lively souls at Warren’s.

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Mr. and Mrs. Jarratt met me at friend Boisseau’s and gave me a long narrative of a great work under Brother George Shadford. We held a watch-night, and Mr. Jarratt and I stood about two hours each. There appeared to be a great degree of Divine power amongst the people. Mr. Jarratt accompanied me to William Partridge’s,fe2 where I preached, and then pursued my way to Mr. Patrick’s,fe3 in Chesterfield, a good old saint of God. The Lord was with us there; and I afterward went on to Petersburg; and was glad to see my friends, though they were in some trouble about the times. To the great loss of many individuals, we are informed that Norfolk was burnt by the governor.

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I found myself at liberty in preaching in the morning, and then went to hear parson H.,fe4 who preached a good sermon. He came in the evening and heard me preach on the Jubilee, Leviticus 25:9, 10. Brother George Shadford then met the class with great animation.

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We had many people at friend Lee’s:fe5 I have been reading Prideaux’s Connexions, and my soul possesses peace and purity in Christ my Redeemer.

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The Lord is graciously working on the hearts of the people at F. Andrews’s; but the Baptists endeavour to persuade the people that they have never been baptized. Like ghosts they haunt us from place to place. O, the policy of Satan! Some he urges to neglect the ordinances altogether; others he urges to misunderstand them, or make additions to them. Christ, speaking of children, says: “Of such is the kingdom of heaven.” But the practice of the Baptists says, They may be of the kingdom of glory, but they cannot be of the kingdom of grace. But, knowing that they who seduce souls must answer for them, I shall not break my peace about it, but leave them to God. I look on them as objects of pity, rather than objects of envy or contempt. The people also appeared to be much alive, on Thursday, at the widow A’s.fe6 Had a blessing in class meeting, and find my heart quite given up to God.

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Thanks be to God for his unspeakable love; my soul enjoys it in a greater and greater degree. Many people attended to hear the word to- day at the widow Lane’s. The society consisted of about sixty souls, who appeared to be very lively and spiritual.

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It was a powerful time while I preached from Isaiah 63:4: “The day of vengeance is in my heart, and the year of my Redeemed is come.” Brother Jarratt, who was obliged to fly from Portsmouth, distressed by the late fire, met me here. On Monday we were all deeply affected with a sense of our unworthiness, at friend Phillips’s, while I discoursed on the barren fig-tree.

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My soul was happy in God, and sweetly engaged in prayer and reading. Several people were affected under the word at Mr. Lee’s.

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I received a letter from Mr. Thomas Rankin, informing me that he had administered on brother Williams’ will, and desiring me to pay attention to his affairs in these parts, and then return to Philadelphia by the first of March. Virginia pleases me in preference to all other places where I have been; but I am willing to leave it at the call of Providence. We were much comforted together at R. Jones’s on Thursday; but the thought of having my mind taken up with brother Williams’s affairs gives me some concern. I want no temporal business of any kind.

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The weather has been very cold, though I have attended

every place in course; and both the people and myself have been frequently blessed. I have been reading Burnet’s History of his Own Times, and am amazed at the intrigues of courts, and the treachery of men. There is reason to fear, the same cause produces the same effects at this time. For there is no probability of peace, and a great army is expected from England in the spring. May the Lord look upon us and help us!

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Having attended the several appointments in the

way, I came to Samuel Yeargan’s, and met the preachers collected for the quarterly meeting. With mutual affection and brotherly freedom we discoursed on the things of God, and were well agreed. After Mr. Jarratt had preached, he and Mr. C.fe7 administered the Lord’s Supper. There was much holy warmth of spirit in our love feast. On Thursday I intended to have set off for Philadelphia, but my horse is lame; so I must patiently submit to the providence of God.

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Went to O. Myrick’s, and had the pleasure of seeing and encouraging some of my friends from Portsmouth.

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Rode about forty miles to Mr. Jarratt’s. I found him a man of an agreeable spirit, and had some satisfaction in conversing with him. He has agreed, if convenient, to attend our next conference. The people were much affected at White Oak chapel on Friday; and after preaching I returned very weary to Mr. Jarratt’s. All my desire is for the Lord, and more of his divine nature impressed on my soul. I long to be lost and swallowed up in God.

“My soul and all its powers,

Thine, wholly thine, shall be;

All, all my happy hours

I consecrate to thee:

Me to thine image now restore,

And I shall praise thee evermore.”

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Mr. Jarratt went with me to Captain Boisseau’s and opened their new chapel with a discourse from these words, “In all places where I record my name, I will come and bless thee.” I spoke at night, and we found the Lord with us.

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I preached twice at Petersburg. The last subject was the rich man and Lazarus, which struck the people with great solemnity; and many seemed to feel the power of God. On Monday there were two Baptist preachers amongst the congregation. After the sermon was ended, they desired to speak with me. So we conversed about three hours on experimental, practical, and controversial divinity; but ended where we began. I thank the Lord, my mind was kept in peace and coolness. No doubt but Satan is very active in promoting religious controversies. Many take a controversial spirit for the spirit of religion; while others dispute away what little religion they have. “Only by pride cometh contention. The wisdom that cometh from above is pure and peaceable.”

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Deep seriousness sat on the minds of the people under the preaching at friend Lynch’s.fe8 And my preaching, for five times together, has been attended with blessed effects. But let all the glory be given to God! I am only as a pen in the hand of a writer. My soul longs for more spirituality, and to be totally dedicated to God.

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I set off for Philadelphia; and after meeting with various occurrences, heavy rains, and much fatigue, reached Leesburg on

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On Friday, March 1, my soul seemed to fix again on its

centre, from which it had been measurably removed by a variety of difficulties, and found sweet peace with God. A company of lively people attended the word at Thomas Alliston’s,fe9 where I met with brother William Watters. The attention of the audience was also much engaged on the Lord’s day at the court house, while I discoursed with great affection and dearness of ideas. I afterward visited a poor unhappy man imprisoned for murder, but found him very ignorant; though he was brought under some concern before we parted.

MARYLAND

Left Leesburg on Monday, 4, and by the good providence of God, arrived safe at Baltimore on Thursday; but found the people greatly alarmed by the report of a man-of-war being near. Many of the inhabitants were moving out of town.fe10 Brother Watters preached in the evening.

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My heart mounts heavenward on wings of strong desire for more of God; and the peace of God, which passeth all understanding, keepeth my spirit in His knowledge and love. Here I met with brother Rodda, and found him under some exercises of mind towards Mr. Thomas Rankin. However, the temptation was removed before we parted. On Friday the town was all in commotion. It was reported that the man-of- war was in the river, which excited the serious attention of all the inhabitants; so that some were moving off, while others were getting under arms. Alas, for fallen man! He fears his fellow creatures, whose breath is in their nostrils, but fears not Him who is able to destroy body and soul in hell. If fire and sword at a small distance can so alarm us, how will poor impenitent sinners be alarmed when they find, by woeful experience, that they must drink the wine of the wrath of God, poured out without mixture?

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The congregations were but small, so great has the

consternation been. But I know the Lord governeth the world; therefore these things shall not trouble me. I will endeavour to be ready for life or death; so that, if death should come, my soul may joyfully quit this land of sorrow, and go to rest in the embraces of the blessed Jesus. O delightful felicity! There is no din of war; no unfriendly persecutors of piety; no enchanting world with concealed destruction; no malevolent spirit to disturb our peace: but all is purity, peace, and joy. Adapting my discourse to the occasion, I preached this evening from Isaiah 1:19, 20: “If ye be willing and obedient, ye shall eat the good of the land: but if ye refuse and rebel, ye shall be devoured with the sword: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.”

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Pursued my way as far as Mr. Henry Gough’s,fe11 and was

treated with great kindness. May this family evince that all things are possible with God; though their salvation should be attended with as much apparent difficulty as the passage of a camel through the eye of a needle! If they prove faithful stewards they will. I preached here the next day to a large congregation, amongst whom were some of my old friends from the (Gunpowder) Forks; and the Lord gave us a blessing together.

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Came to Josias Dallam’s, and found his pious wife under hysterical complaints, and full of doubts about the state of her soul. Preached the next day, at a place by the way, with holy warmth of affection, to a considerable number of people.

PENNSYLVANIA

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Under the divine protection I came safe to Philadelphia, having rode about 3,000 miles since I left it last. But heaven is my object, not earth. This springs my mind, and makes my burden light. “The things eternal I pursue,

A happiness beyond the view

Of those that basely pant

For things by nature felt and seen:

Their honours, wealth, and pleasure mean,

I neither have nor want.”

Here I met with Mr. Thomas Rankin in the spirit of love; and received a full account of what related to the unhappy Mr. (James) Dempster. I also received an affectionate letter from Mr. Wesley, and am truly sorry that the venerable man ever dipped into the politics of America.fe12 My desire is to live in love and peace with all men; to do them no harm, but all the good I can. However, it discovers Mr. Wesley’s conscientious attachment to the government under which he lived. Had he been a subject of America, no doubt but he would have been as zealous an advocate of the American cause. But some inconsiderate persons have taken occasion to censure the Methodists in America, on account of Mr. Wesley’s political sentiments.

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By the power of God my soul is kept, in the midst of all company, sweetly reposed on Jesus Christ. My desire is, with the most fervent love, to devote myself to Him that died for me.

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A perfect calm pervaded my soul; and I found myself at full liberty in preaching from 2 Corinthians 6:2.

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How changeable are all things here, and especially in these precarious times! but my determination is, to cast all my care on the Lord, and bear with patience whatsoever may occur. May the Lord make me more indifferent both towards persons and things, and only intent on doing his will! On Saturday I visited Mrs. M., above eighty years of age, and very infirm; she is a friend to all Gospel preachers, and opens her house to make them welcome. If she should at last receive the Lord into her heart, it will be well.

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Brother Websterfe13 preached in the morning. Mr. Stringer at the Episcopal church was very severe upon the Quakers, but to little purpose. Two of their leading men, Gilbert Deacon and Alexander Bartram,fe14 came very kindly to see Mr. Thomas Rankin.

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I had an opportunity of speaking to John Wade relative to his leaving the work; and he manifested some inclination to return. My soul was greatly blessed in meeting sister Lambert Wilmer’s class, and all present seemed to partake of the same blessing.

“The opening heavens around me shine

With beams of sacred bliss,

If Jesus shows his mercy mine,

And whispers I am his.”

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My soul was blessed with divine serenity and consolation. May I ever be able to conduct myself with evangelical prudence, and so keep under my body, that I may always be the temple of God, by his Spirit that dwelleth in me! The next day also, my soul enjoyed the same delightful sense of the divine favour, and was fixed on God as on its centre, though in the midst of tumult. Glory to God! I can leave all the little affairs of this confused world to those men to whose province they pertain; and can comfortably go on in my proper business of instrumentally saving my own soul and those that hear me.

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Have been graciously assisted every time I have attempted to preach this week; and found a particular blessing to-day in speaking at the funeral of sister L., an old follower of Christ.

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I persuaded John Wade to decline his thoughts of studying and settling, and return to his circuit. We had a powerful time in prayer meeting this evening.

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My soul panted after God. We had a sudden and dreadful

alarm of fire, which threatened a store-house, malt-house, and brew-house. It was not extinguished without great difficulty, and until much damage had been done. Man can neither defend his person nor his property in many cases, and yet how unwilling to commit himself and his property, in a proper manner, to God!

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My mind felt some dejection, but my peace was not

interrupted. Amongst others in the congregation this evening, there was a woman of ninety years of age. The next day I was much employed in reading, and severely tempted by Satan, but was kept from all injury by the power of God.

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I heard a Moravian preach; but it was only a historical faith. And this being Good Friday, I preached from these pathetic words of Christ, “Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me; nevertheless, not as I will, but as thou wilt.” What mortal can form any idea of the blessed Saviour’s feelings at that time, when his agony was so great as to express from his sinless body great drops of blood and water! Was it ever heard before, that any man sweat blood? If Jesus found the punishment due to sin to be so severe, how will poor sinners themselves bear the eternal damnation of hell?

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The Lord graciously assisted me in my public exercises both morning and evening. And on Monday my soul was in a pure and spiritual state.

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We had a large congregation, and my heart Was greatly expanded, while I discoursed on “the cloud of witnesses,” from Hebrews 12:1. The power of God was eminently displayed on the minds of several; and one in particular was struck with deep conviction.

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My soul was all on stretch for God both yesterday and to- day. Isaac Budd (?)fe15 came to see me, and appeared to be in some distress. I prayed with him more than once, and he roared out for very anguish of spirit. Instead of being surprised that an awakened sinner should weep and cry aloud for mercy, we ought to be infinitely more surprised, that an unforgiven sinner should manifest but little or no concern. If a man expected to lose all his property, and be put to bodily torture, could he be unconcerned? But what is all this to the loss of God and heaven, and the torture of unquenchable fire? Truly, if it were not for unbelief, we should see sinners on every side weeping and roaring aloud both day and night.

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Was desired to visit a prisoner under sentence of death. I found he was an Englishman, had been an old soldier, and had experienced the pardoning love of God in Ireland about twenty years ago, under Mr. Boardman. Thus we see that, although a soul has been blest with the favour of God, yet unfaithfulness may provoke the Almighty to give up such a person to work all kinds of sin with greediness. Then “let him that standeth, take heed lest he fall.” On the Lord’s day, my mind was shut up in preaching, and I felt the want of more faith for Philadelphia.

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I am not without a comfortable sense of the favour and

presence of God, but labour under a lassitude of both body and mind. I went to the jail to visit the prisoners again, but could not obtain admittance. Mrs. Colesburgh (?), formerly the wife of Gilbert Tennent,fe16 attended our class meeting today, and my soul was much blessed amongst them.

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My heart was sweetly enlarged towards God, both in my

private exercises and my public preaching. A friend from New York informed us, that troops were raised and entrenchments made in that city. O Lord, we are oppressed; undertake for us. I received a letter from friend Elyfe17 at Trenton, complaining that the societies in that circuit had been neglected by the preachers.

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My soul loves God and all mankind, but I cannot please all men. However, my conscience is void of offence both towards God and towards man. On Thursday we heard of a skirmish between the Philadelphia fleet and the Glasgow man-of-war. What will be the end of these things? Lord, think upon us for good, and show us mercy! Preaching this evening, the powers of my soul were at full liberty, and I trust it was made a blessing to many.

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Satan has been thrusting at me, but by grace I am still kept; and my soul is employed in holy and heavenly exercises, with constant and delightful communion with God. O! how I long to find every power of soul and body one continual sacrifice to God!

“If so poor a worm as I

May to thy great glory live,

All my actions sanctify,

All my words and thoughts receive:

Claim me for thy service; claim

All I have and all I am.”

With great warmth of affection I went through the public exercises of the evening. On the Lord’s day, my soul was given up to God; and it appeared to be a searching time in the public congregation.

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I found Christ in me the hope of glory: but felt a pleasing, painful sensation of spiritual hunger and thirst for more of God. NEW JERSEY

On Tuesday, April 23 I rode to Burlington, and on the way my soul was filled with holy peace, and employed in heavenly contemplations: but found, to my grief, that many had so imbibed a martial spirit that they had lost the spirit of pure and undefiled religion. I preached from Romans 13:11, but found it was a dry and barren time. And some who once ran well now walk disorderly. On Wednesday I rode to Trenton; and found very little there but spiritual coldness and deadness. Had very little liberty in preaching among them; thus has the Lord humbled me amongst my people. But I hope, through grace, to save myself, and, at least, some that hear me.

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I rode about eleven miles, and preached to a people who

were but very little moved: but at Isaac Budd’sfe18 the next day there was more sensibility amongst the congregation; and, though very unwell, I found my heart warm and expanded in preaching to them. It is my present determination to be more faithful in speaking to all that fall in my way, about spiritual and eternal matters. The people were very tender at friend Fiddler’sfe19 on Saturday. And on the Lord’s day I spoke feelingly and pointedly to about three hundred souls at the meeting house. Afterward I returned, through the rain, to Trenton, and was well rewarded in my own soul, while preaching to the congregation at night. I felt every word, which seemed to cut like a two-edged sword, and put me in mind of some of my former visits. May the Lord revive his work amongst them again; and make the time to come better than the former time!

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Satan beset me with powerful suggestions, striving to

persuade me that I should never conquer all my spiritual enemies, but be overcome at last. However, the Lord was near, and filled my soul with peace. Blessed Lord, be ever with me, and suffer me not to yield to the tempter; no, not for a moment!

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Went about nine miles to our quarterly meeting at

Hopewell;fe20 and we had much of the power of God in our love feast, in which many declared their experience. I lectured in the evening at Isaac Budd’s, though very weary: but my heart was with God; and I know we cannot tire or wear out in a better cause. On Wednesday rode back to Trenton, where I preached to about a hundred souls, and then went about thirty miles more to William Budd’s.fe21

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Some melted under the word at Mount Holly,fe22 though

at first they seemed inattentive and careless. The grace of God kept my spirit this day in sweet seriousness, without any mixture of sourness.

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At New Mills I found brother Willmore [?] very busy about his chapel,fe23 which is thirty-six feet by twenty-eight, with a gallery fifteen feet deep. I preached in it from Matthew 7:7, with fervour, but not with freedom, and returned to William Budd’s the same night. PENNSYLVANIA

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I preached at New Mills again, and it was a heart-affecting season: then returned to Philadelphia, but went under a heavy gloom of mind, and found my spirit much dejected and shut up.

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My mind was in a dissipated frame to-day: and we were alarmed with a report that ships-of-war were then in the (Delaware) river. However, I was blessed in meeting a class at night. My mind was more composed and comfortable the next day, but not so spiritual and heavenly as I desire it should be.

“Come, Lord, from above,

The mountains remove,

Overturn all that hinders the course of thy love: My bosom inspire,

Enkindle the fire,

And wrap my whole soul in the flames of desire.”

Preached at night from a text which corresponded with my own feelings: “These are they which came out of great tribulation,” &c.

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My spirit is much assaulted by Satan, but the Lord is my

keeper. About ten o’clock to-day tidings arrived that there had been a skirmish off Christiana,fe24 between thirteen row-galleys and the Roebuck man-of-war; that, after an encounter of three or four hours, the man-of-war withdrew, as it was thought, much shattered. At this news the inhabitants of the city were all in commotion; and the women especially were greatly shocked. Lord, what a world is this! Give me wisdom and patience, that I may stand still and see the salvation of God.

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My mind was free: and in meeting two classes we had much of the solemn power of God. At night I preached from these words, which are so applicable to the circumstances of the people: “We have no continuing city here.” Many people seemed to feel the weight of this Divine truth, so suitable to their present condition.

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My soul is in sweet peace; and I only want to feel my heart continually flaming with pure love to God, carrying every desire and every thought towards heaven. Brother William Bell arrived here to-day; and we are now informed that some men were killed in the galleys, and the man-of- war was much damaged.

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Divine grace assisted and comforted me in all the exercises of the day. And although I spoke in strong and plain terms at night, yet the very soldiers bore it well. But the next day I was seized with a severe chill, and was carried to my lodging very sick. I was in a heavy sweat till four o’clock the next morning, but nevertheless set out the next day, if possible to reach the conference: and came to Chester that night.

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I am still afflicted, but not forsaken; the Lord fills me with peace and consolation. Attempted to reach a quarterly meeting, but when I got to the place was obliged to go to bed. Though the next day, weak as I was, I went and held a love feast, and afterward preached; and the Lord gave me strength in my inward man.

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My poor frame is much afflicted and shattered; but my mind is full of Divine tranquillity, ardently desirous to submit to the providence of God with inflexible patience. How amazing is the goodness of God! He raiseth up the best of friends—such as love, for Christ’s sake, to show the kindest care for me in my affliction. Inasmuch as they have done it unto me, one of the least of his servants, they have done it unto Christ. And may he crown their kindness with an eternal reward! Was very unwell all the Lord’s day, but my great desire to be at conference induced me to make an attempt, on Monday, to travel. But by the time I had rode three miles, I found, if I travelled, it would be at the hazard of my life: and was therefore obliged to decline it, though the disappointment was very great. Let it be, Lord, not as I will, but as thou wilt! Brother Watters (?) went to a Quaker meeting, and began to speak; but some of the Friends desired him to sit down.

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My disorder seemed to be broken; but I was taken with a bleeding at the nose. The devil still bends his bow, and makes ready his arrows on the string; but the Lord suffers him not to wound me.

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Visited Mrs. Rebecca Grace,fe25 an old disciple of Mr. Whitefield’s; but now she entertains the Methodists. And on the Lord’s day I ventured to preach to a small company of people.

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Expecting the preachers were on their return from the

conference, I appointed preaching at my lodgings, but had to preach myself, to a small, attentive, tender company, and felt much quickened in my own soul. At night brother Rankin arrived, and informed me that I was appointed for Baltimore: to which I cheerfully submit, though it seems to be against my bodily health.

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My whole soul is devoted to God, and desires nothing but more of him. Brother Rankin and I both spoke to the congregation collected at night, and the power of God was eminently present. On Thursday I wrote a letter to Mrs. W., who has departed from God, and feel great hopes it may be the means of restoring her.

MARYLAND

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Though far from being in a good state of health, I set off for my appointment, and reached Josias Dallam’s at night.

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Went to the chapel, and preached after brother Samuel

Spraggs,fe26 and the people appeared to be deeply affected; but brother S. does not seem to enter into the Methodist plan of preaching. He uses a few pompous, swelling words, which pass for something great with short- sighted people! but are not calculated to do them much spiritual good. On Monday my soul enjoyed the peace of God; but I am frequently ashamed before the Lord, for indulging too great a flow of spirits in the company of my friends. Though I purpose, through grace, to begin anew. Lord, succour me by thy mighty power! We had a melting time amongst the people on Monday, at Josias Dallam’s.

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Went to the widow Presbury’s; and after I had done preaching, met a small class of about thirteen souls, who appeared to be sincere. My body is still very weak; but it is my determination to spend all the little remains of my strength for God, and the salvation of precious souls.

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Some felt the word of truth at the widow Phoebe Bond’s, while I was showing what it is to walk after the flesh. But there appears to be a general flatness amongst the members of the class: they are neither so attentive nor so tender as they were two years ago. What a pity! that the nearer souls approach to eternity, the more unfit they should be to enter into that unchangeable place!

“Help me to watch and pray,

And on thyself rely;

Assured if I my trust betray,

I shall forever die.”

Satan hunts my soul continually, and attacks me at times with the most powerful temptations: but he does not get any advantage, nor break my peace; but, on the contrary, drives me nearer to my Almighty Protector, and I feel all my powers more abundantly given up to God, to serve him with all sincerity, fervency, and diligence.

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Was greatly blessed in meditation and prayer, on my way to Mr. Harry Gough’s; and there met with my good friend, Mr. Philip Rogers, and his wife. The next day my spirit was in heaviness through manifold temptations. I see the need of always standing sword in hand, against my adversary the devil. Our Lord displayed both great wisdom and great mercy, when he commanded us to watch and pray ALWAYS. May I show mercy on my own soul by always attending to this command!

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Yesterday I preached with some satisfaction at Mr. Giles’s; and rode to-day about twelve miles to the (Gunpowder) Forks, where I preached from Colossians 1:28, and then met part of several classes.fe27 My feeble body was much fatigued with the exercises of the day, but my soul was delightfully taken up with God. On Monday, the congregation at Aquila Galloway’s appeared as if they both understood and felt the two- edged sword of the word. I see the need of having my thoughts constantly employed on the things of God, that no vacant moment may be left for Satan to fill up.

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Rose with a deep sense of God resting on my mind, and set off for Mr. William Lynch’s, which is about twenty miles from the house where I lodged; but by losing our way, we made it about thirty miles, and did not reach the place till about two o’clock. The Lord then rewarded me for my toil, while I was preaching to a serious, tender people; and I afterward endeavoured to unite the society, which Satan, by his diabolical wiles, had divided. On Wednesday the congregation at Joshua Owing’s were so impenetrable that neither promises nor threats could move them. Nor did the people at Mr. Alexander Warfield’s (?) seem to have much more sensibility, though I was greatly affected myself while preaching to them from 2 Corinthians 6:2. The Lord has blessed me of late with much assistance in preaching, and with purity of heart.

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Both the people and myself were moved by the word at

Jacob Cassell’s. My feeble frame is much fatigued with preaching twice a day; but it must drag on as long as it can; for it is my meat and drink, yea, it is the life of my soul, to be labouring for the salvation of mankind. I desire nothing but God, and to spend the remainder of my strength in suffering and labouring for him. Who that knows God, would be weary of such a master! And who that knows the worth of souls would be weary of striving to save them!

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After preaching in the Dutch church,fe28 and meeting the class, I rode about five miles, through a heavy rain, and the wind was so powerful that it blew down trees, barns, and houses; so that it was with difficulty I could urge my way through the woods; but at length came safe to the widow Madeira’s and enjoyed a comfortable hour in preaching from Luke 14:18, 19. On my coming to Baltimore, I met Mr. Thomas Rankin, and heard him preach. On Monday I rode to William Ridgely’s, where we had a large company of people, and amongst the rest were two Baptist preachers. All this day my soul was happy in God.

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Though temptations hung upon my spirit, yet I found myself greatly enlarged at Mr. Evans’s, while enforcing these striking words: “The end of all things is at hand: be ye therefore sober, watching unto prayer.” Returned on Wednesday to Baltimore, and spent some time with Mr. Otterbein. There are very few with whom I can find so much unity and freedom in conversation as with him. At night the words were a blessing to myself, and no doubt to others, while I expatiated on 2 Corinthians 4:5. I can rejoice in God, and cast all my care upon him.

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Went to Nathan Perigau’s and was fined five pounds for preaching the Gospel. But found my soul at liberty both in preaching and class meeting. We then went to William Lynch’s, and found N.L. under uncommon exercises of mind.

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Returned to Baltimore; and although my peace is not broken, neither is any wrong temper or desire indulged, yet I lament the want of more spirituality. My soul, like the rising flame, would continually ascend to God.

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After preaching at the Point, I met the class, and then met the black people, some of whose unhappy masters forbid their coming for religious instruction. How will the sons of oppression answer for their conduct, when the great Proprietor of all shall call them to an account! We had a serious audience in the evening at town.

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Spoke plainly on the nature of our society, and the necessity of discipline; which perhaps was not very pleasing to some who do not choose to join. I told them we could not, would not, and durst not allow any the privileges of members, who would not come under the discipline of the society. I desire to know no man after the flesh. My soul is in peace.

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James Foster, who has lately come from Virginia, gave me an agreeable account of the glorious spreading of the work of God in Virginia and North Carolina. The Lord is fulfilling his promises, and pouring out his Holy Spirit on the people. Satan is still busy in his attempts to disturb, if he cannot destroy me: but my soul stays, and waits, and hangs on God, who makes me more than conqueror over all the assaults of the enemy. I preached to-day at the house of ——, a man who has much talk, and but little religion. The whole congregation appeared to be very stupid. Rode thence to John Kelso’s,fe29 and found a simple-hearted people. Here I met with poor M., who is keeping a school, which may perhaps be his last and best shift.

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This was a general fast day, and my heart was fixed on God. I preached at three o’clock at Mr. Darius Stansbury’s and the power of God was displayed among the poorer part of the congregation. James Foster then met the class, like another George Shadford.

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This was a day of trials. Satan drew my thoughts into a train of reasoning on subjects which were out of my reach; for secret things belong to God, but things which are revealed belong to us and our children. Thus, while I was soaring out of the region of my duty, I became inattentive to what immediately concerned me, and oversetting my chaise, broke it very much. Though, blessed be God, my body was preserved. May the Lord keep my soul united to himself, as its proper centre! However, I was greatly blessed in speaking to the people; and the power of God rested on the congregation.

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Going to my appointment, it rained much, and I got wet, which brought on a sore throat, and laid me up till July 9. For the greatest part of the time I could neither eat, drink, nor sleep, till the tumour broke. But glory to God! I possessed my soul in patience under the whole of the affliction; though my heart complains of its own ingratitude to my gracious Lord, who not only supported both soul and body under all my trouble, but provided tender friends, who treated me with the greatest affection. As a kind father dealeth with an afflicted son, so the Lord dealeth with me. What shall I render unto the Lord for all his benefits? I will render thanksgiving and praise, and devote both body and soul to the Most High. During this affliction my abode was at Mr. Gough’s.

I have now come to a determination, God willing, to go to the warm springs,fe30 and make a trial of them for the recovery of my health; perhaps my strength may be thereby so restored for future services, that upon the whole there may be no loss of time. Richard Webster, William Lynch, and James Foster will supply the circuit in the mean time.

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My body is in some small measure restored, and God himself is the portion of my soul. May he ever keep me from every desire which does not directly or indirectly lead to himself!

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My heart has been humbled and melted under a sense of the goodness of God. This day I set out for Baltimore on my way to the springs; but by the time I reached the town I felt a great disposition to weariness in my shattered frame, and my soul, which seemed to sympathize with the body, had not such a lively and steady sense of God as at some other times, though there was no desire after anything else. I ventured to preach both this evening and the next day, and humbly hope the word was made a blessing to many.

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We set off for the springs. Mr. Dallam overtook us in the evening; and that no opportunity might be lost, I lectured at night in the tavern where we lodged. And both the tavern-keeper and his wife appeared to have some thoughts about their souls. On Tuesday, we reached Frederick, and collecting as many people as we could by a short notice, I preached from 2 Corinthians 6:2, and found my spirit at liberty. My body complains of so much travelling, for which it is almost incompetent; but the Spirit of the Lord is the support and comfort of my soul. I was thrown out of my chaise the next day, but was providentially kept from being much hurt. When we came to Hagerstown,fe31 it seemed as if Satan was the chief ruler there. The people were very busy in drinking, swearing, drumming, &c. My mind was disburdened and much comforted after I had delivered myself from Mark 1:16, though it seemed to answer but little purpose to the people. It is one thing for the preacher to do his duty, and another thing for the audience to do theirs.

WEST VIRGINIA

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1776 - August 27, 1776

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After riding forty miles to-day, we reached the springs:fe32 and at first we found it difficult to obtain lodgings. But after a while I procured a good lodging with Mr. Merryman.fe33 Here was work enough for a preacher, if he desired to be faithful. My soul was happy; and I felt myself totally delivered from the fear of man—determined, by the grace of God, to discharge my duty.

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My soul was in peace; but the burden of the Lord rested upon me. I could not be satisfied till I declared to the people their danger and duty: which I did from Isaiah 55:6, 7. They all behaved with decency, though it is more than probable that some of them had enough of my preaching.

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We had a meeting in the evening (which we intend to have every evening at Mr. Gough’s and Mr. Merryman’s alternately) for prayer and exhortation; at which about twenty people attended. My spirit was grieved within me at the conduct of poor sinners; but in Jesus my Lord I had peace.

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A Church minister attended the public exhortation in the morning; and in the afternoon a dissenting minister preached from these excellent words, “Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ, and thou shalt be saved.” His discourse was very methodical—but dry, and full of academical stiffness. It was very unlikely to bring souls either to faith or repentance. I preached in the evening from Acts 13:26. But my spirit was so stirred up within me, by a desire that the people who were in their houses might hear, that by speaking too loud I hurt myself. We afterward had a good time in our prayer meeting.

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My soul enjoys sweet communion with God; but I am obliged to exercise patience in bearing with the manners of poor, blinded, hardened sinners.

“O might they at last with sorrow return, The pleasure to taste for which they were born; Our Jesus receiving, our happiness prove— The joy of believing, the heaven of love!”

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The peace of God abideth constantly with me. I preached

again by the side of a hill, near the bath; and the word had a melting influence on some of the congregation. The dissenting minister attended our prayer meeting in the evening, and prayed with us. By the blessing of God, my body began to feel the benefit of the waters. May the Lord bless these means for the entire restoration of my health; and in all my ways may I acknowledge him, and ever study to serve him with all I have, and all I am! Reading the lives of Halleburton, Walsh, and De Renty, has had a great tendency to quicken my soul. Our not growing in grace is seldom for the want of knowledge concerning our duty; but generally for want of using proper means to bring the knowledge we have into spiritual use. Our dull spirits must have line upon line, and precept upon precept.

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The congregation was rather increased; many were

affected, and one man fell down. It clearly appears that I am in the line of my duty, in attending the springs: there is a manifest check to the overflowing tide of immorality, and the prejudices of many people are in a great degree removed. So that I hope my visit to this place will be for the benefit of the souls of some, as well as for the benefit of my own body; though preaching in the open air, to a people who are almost strangers to a praying spirit, is more disagreeable to my feelings, and a much greater cross than travelling and preaching in a circuit.

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My confidence was strong in the Lord, and accompanied with sweet consolation. My company and myself were quickened in our own souls, by a diligent use of the means; and the hearts of several others were under some religious impressions. But the zealous conversation and prayers of Mr. Gough seem to move and melt the hearts of the people more than my preaching does. Lord, send by whom thou wilt: only send to the conviction and salvation of immortal souls. I have found both reproof and instruction in reading the life of Mr. Walsh. At this time Christ is all in all to me. My heart is sweetly occupied by his gracious Spirit. But alas! I am not watchful enough to keep up the spirit of prayer. “The praying spirit breathe,

The watching power impart:

From all entanglements beneath

Call off my peaceful heart.”

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There were many to hear the word at three o’clock; and the Lord was with us in the evening, when we were assembled for prayer and exhortation.

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My soul is kept in the love of God, but longs for an

increase of the Divine gift. The workers of iniquity are not so bold as they were: some of them have had convictions, but lost them. Others seem stiffly to oppose the influences of Divine grace. Mr. Hagerty,fe34 who is commonly called the high-priest, on account of his height, preached today, and I stood clerk for him; but he seemed much dashed, and it was with difficulty he proceeded in his discourse, which was very dry. While I was preaching, my heart was drawn out in compassion to the people, and as the word was pointedly applied to their consciences, I believe some good was done. So much public speaking is almost more than my frame can at present bear, but the Spirit within me constraineth me. I feel indeed the want of retirement in this place, yet I make a substitute of family exercises, and find communion with God. My soul has lately been much drawn out towards God in reading the life of Mr. Brainerd, and longs to be like him and every other faithful follower of Jesus Christ.

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My present mode of conduct is as follows—to read about a hundred pages a day; usually to pray in public five times a day; to preach in the open air every other day; and to lecture in prayer meeting every evening. And if it were in my power, I would do a thousand times as much for such a gracious and blessed Master. But in the midst of all my little employments, I feel myself as nothing, and Christ to me is all in all.

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My spirit was grieved to see so little of the fear of God, and such a contempt of sacred things as appeared in many of the people in this place. An enmity against God and his ways reigns in the hearts of all the unawakened, from the highest to the lowest. The Rev. Mr. Webster attended in the congregation to hear the word preached to-day.

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Spent some time in the woods alone with God, and found

it a peculiar time of love and joy. O delightful employment! All my soul was centred in God! The next day I unexpectedly met with brother Webster; and while preaching at three o’clock to an increased company, the word produced great seriousness and attention. And we had a happy, powerful meeting in the evening at Mr. Gough’s. But my mind is in some degree disturbed by the reports of battles and slaughters. It seems the Cherokee Indians have also begun to break out, and the English ships have been coasting to and fro, watching for some advantages: but what can they expect to accomplish without an army of two or three hundred thousand men? And even then, there would be but little prospect of their success. O that this dispensation might answer its proper end! that the people would fear the Lord, and sincerely devote themselves to his service! Then, no doubt, wars and bloodshed would cease.

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My soul was in a serious, solemn frame, but earnestly

desired to be more universally devoted to God. Brother Webster preached to-day, and seemed a little abashed; but the Lord was with us in our evening exercises. How difficult it is to be much amongst men of the world and not imbibe their spirit in a greater or less degree! I am afraid my friends begin to grow somewhat languid in their spirits. How watchful, devout, and heavenly should we be, to keep up the power of inward religion, in the midst of such a company of sinners of diverse principles and manners! For my own part, I have had cause to lament the want of more watchfulness. Lord, help us to be faithful in all things, to all persons, and in all places!

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My heart was fixed, trusting in the Lord. Brother Webster preached much to the purpose, though there were some little inaccuracies in his language. I preached in the afternoon, and brother Webster again at night; and it appeared to be a time of power.

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Having withdrawn to the woods for the purpose of self-

examination, and pouring out my heart in prayer to God, I found myself much melted. Glory to God for a comfortable sense of the Divine favour! But alas! how serious, how solemn should I be, when so many immortal souls on every side are posting down to everlasting fire! On Tuesday but few of the gentlemen attended to hear; but I was enabled to deliver my message faithfully and freely; and the common people heard me gladly. The next day also many attended, and I hope my labour will not be altogether in vain.

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My heart was sweetly resigned to the will of my Lord. I was willing to do or suffer whatsoever he might see proper to require of me. Met with a man to-day who came from a place about eighteen miles from the springs. He never heard a Methodist before, nor saw one; yet he appeared to be a Methodist in principle, experience, and practice. He was brought to the knowledge of himself and of God by the means of sore afflictions of body, prayer, and reading. Thus we see the Lord works where, and in what manner he pleases. My spirit has been much united to the faithful people of God of every denomination; and at this time I felt a spirit of unity with Mr. Hagerty,fe35 a German minister,—though the Germans in general, who dwell in these parts, seem very insensible to the things of God. On Thursday night we had a mixed company of Germans and English; Mr. Hagerty preached in German and I in English. Our exercises in the evening were as usual. Many have been much affected lately, under the word which I have delivered from time to time for God.

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A fine, sensible, polite gentleman delivered a discourse on the new birth; he described it by its effects, but appeared to be at a total loss in respect to the manner in which it is wrought. I had spoken in the morning, and in the evening preached again, pressing religion on the young people especially, and showing the superior advantages and satisfaction arising from it even in this life.

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I rode seventeen miles to see a saint indeed; a woman

confined to her bed for fifteen years, and quite happy in the love of God, though she had never seen a Methodist, or any other truly religious people. Where are the free-thinkers? Is this priestcraft? How can that be priestcraft, which no priest ever had a hand in? No! this is the effect of Divine power and goodness: and so is all real, heart-felt religion. But if poor impenitent sinners will not give all diligence to know the comfort of enjoying religion, they will, they must, though much against their will, know, in due time, the misery of rejecting it. After I had preached, with some Divine assistance, to about one hundred people collected from the country parts around, we returned and had a comfortable time in our evening meeting. The house in which we live, at the springs, is not the most agreeable: the size of it is twenty feet by sixteen; and there are seven beds and sixteen persons therein, and some noisy children. So I dwell amongst briars and thorns; but my soul is in peace.

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I found the parson had been encouraging the gentlemen to oppose me, and intimating that it was very improper to permit me to preach. My soul is amongst lions, but the God of Daniel is with me. I attempted to preach in the day, but my mind was shut up; though my spirit was revived in the evening lecture. Is it strange to see a priest conducting a persecution against the people of God? When did a persecution take place in which men of that character had no hand? But although Satan may be permitted to transform himself into an angel of light for a season, yet he will not always have his own way in this matter.

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My throat grew worse, and it was a rainy day, so I was obliged to be dumb; but having faithfully declared to them, from time to time, the whole counsel of God, both in his promises and threatenings, I felt myself contented as having delivered my own soul.

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My throat growing worse, they put a blister behind my ear; but my conscience was pure, and I quietly submitted to the will of Heaven. May the Lord keep me pure in heart, and humble at his feet, till he shall make up his jewels, and bring them into his glorious presence, where sorrow and sighing shall be done away! Glory to God, nothing has lately broken the peace of my tranquil breast!

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Found myself better, and felt a desire to preach, which I

did; after having heard parson Webster (?), and found myself at liberty while showing, 1. The natural state of the Gentile world: 2. Their spiritual state: 3. The means and manner of their change: and lastly, I applied it to the Christian world, so called,—heathens in their hearts and practices; and showed how vain it is to substitute heathen morality, or religious forms and ceremonies, for true religion. My friend Mr. Brucefe36 and his wife, from Portsmouth, arrived here to-day.

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My soul has been daily grieved by the practices of poor blinded sinners; but the Lord has supported and comforted me. I have not spared, but preached plainly and pointedly every day this week; and to-day Mr. Swope,fe37 a German minister, went with me about nine miles to a German settlement, where we both preached in our proper tongues.

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I had some serious conversation with a Quaker, on the subject of the Holy Scriptures as the grand criterion of all inward and outward religion. But to deny this, is to oppose the present dictates of the Holy Ghost to its former dictates; which would be a most dangerous absurdity. How strange, how presumptuous, to exalt the dignity of modern speakers beyond that of the prophets and apostles, who spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost, and have given us a sure word of prophecy, whereunto we do well that we take heed! (2 Peter 1:19.) But we must come to the law and to the testimony; if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them. (Isaiah 8:20.) We are sure that the Sacred Scriptures are of God; and we are as sure, if any man speak contrary to them, he is not of God.

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I have had strong confidence towards God, but my heart

has not been so constantly and fervently employed in the spirit of prayer as it might have been. After preaching to-day, I fell in with one of the wildest Antinomians I had ever met with. He undertook to prove that love is not love; and said, “they that are born of God do not sin; but that they may sin in all manner of ways, and frequently do so.” But what was most surprising, he said, “he valued not my God and Christ; for they could neither save nor damn him.” Such language is enough to make a man shudder in repeating it.

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Having taken my leave yesterday, in discoursing on the

parable of the sower, I this day turned my back on the springs, as the best and the worst place that I ever was in; good for health, but most injurious to religion. We then rode about twenty-five miles, and called to see friend Rawlings,fe38 but had to lodge on the boards. The next day a minister attended to hear the word at Dr. C.’s, and gave us a kind invitation to his lodging.

MARYLAND

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I met brother Lynch and brother Foster at Mr. Gough’s.fe39 Thus hath the Lord preserved me through various trials, and his providence hath conducted me back in safety. I enjoy more health, and perhaps possess more grace than before I went to the springs. Now, O Lord, only make and keep me pure; and let me be wholly and only thine! My soul was enlarged in preaching to-day, and many were melted under the word. I strove to prevail with brother Foster to go to Baltimore, but could not.

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I rode to Gunpowder Neck, and preached twice.

My soul was exceedingly happy in God, both in preaching and meeting the class; as it also was the next clay at Josias Dallam’s. But alas! we hear of bloodshed and slaughter.fe40 Many immortal souls are driven to eternity by the bloody sword. This is a grief to my soul! Lord, scatter them that delight in war, and thirst for human blood! It is well for the righteous that this is not their home. No: they are blessed with a pacific spirit, and are bound for a kingdom of peace, where

“No horrid alarum of war

Shall break our eternal repose;

No sound of the trumpet is there

Where Jesus’s Spirit o’erflows:

Appeased by the charms of thy grace,

We all shall in amity join,

And kindly each other embrace,

And love with a passion like thine.”

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Having been much fatigued by long rides, and preaching and meeting classes every day, though for the most part both the people and myself were much quickened, I came to-day to my old and faithful friend’s, Henry Watters’s, and the people felt the two-edged sword of the word. Glory to God! I find a constant sense of his divine love, though still blame myself for being too free in conversation when amongst my friends.

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The congregation at Bush Forestfe41 preaching house,

appeared to be very insensible; and it seemed as if they had opposed the truth so long, that they could feel it no more. But at Deer Creek,fe42 my heart was warm, and the people were moved. On Monday I also preached twice; but on Tuesday it seemed as if my labour was too much for my strength. I have scarce had time to enter a few lines in my journal, but have been almost constantly employed in riding from place to place, and speaking to the people.

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The people were serious at William Bond’s (?). Here I saw the son of the famous Dr. Franklin (?); but how unlike his father both in respect to grace and good sense! My soul now hangs on the Lord, and dwells in the element of purity; desirous of nothing but to enjoy more of God, and to be entirely dedicated to his service. On Thursday I found a loving, simple people at Thomas Bond’s (?), and was comforted in meeting the class; though I had been undesignedly led to reach beyond their capacity in my preaching.

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I came to Mr. Gough’s, and met with brother John Mann from New York, who brought painful accounts of bloodshed and slaughter. On Saturday, I felt unwell, and was apprehensive that my return to Baltimore might bring on my old complaints. We had a large company and a refreshing season at Mr. Gough’s, where brother Foster exhorted after I had preached.

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This was an abasing season. My soul was cast down and deeply humbled, under a consciousness of my spiritual wants. I did not enjoy such a cheerful sense of the divine goodness as at other times, but ardently panted for more of the Spirit of Christ.

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Both rich and poor came out to hear the word at Elk Ridge, and some of the young and gay were made to weep. It will be well for them, if they prefer Jesus Christ and his cross to all the wealth and vanity of this world. I went home with Caleb Dorsey,fe43 who was once convinced of sin, but has now grown worse than ever. He had about forty souls in his family, untaught as the Indians in the forest. They seem to roll in plenty: but “there is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked.” At Mr. R.’s on Wednesday, we had but few to hear. But many or few, it makes no difference with me. The Lord filled me with divine consolation while I was dispensing the word of life to them.

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Returned to Baltimore, and found that a work which had cost some thousands of pounds, was burnt down. How easily can divine Providence strip us of all our earthly objects! Are not such occurrences loud calls from a gracious God? “Lay up not for yourselves treasures upon earth, but lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven.” I have been much enlarged in preaching, and favoured with peculiar nearness to God at certain times, for this week past; but have been also sorely tempted by the enemy, and found it required great exertions of faith and prayer, to conquer every motion. Glory to God for his grace bestowed on me through Jesus Christ! We have now several exhorters raised up in different parts of the country. This evening Mr. Rodda came to town.

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My labour was great. I preached twice, and met the white people and the black people separately at the Point; and after preaching in town, met a class. All this I could submit to with cheerfulness; but my spirit was grieved for the want of more holiness, and more of God. “O grant that nothing in my soul

May dwell, but thy pure love alone:

O may thy love possess me whole,—

My joy, my treasure, and my crown:

Strange flames far from my heart remove;

My every act, word, thought, be love.”

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My soul has been much harassed by Satan; though I found

great freedom in preaching to a number of souls at the Point. On Tuesday also my spiritual exercises were great and painful. Lord, I am oppressed; undertake for me. Rode to Mr. Evans’, and found the accuser of the brethren had taken advantage of the society, by tempting them one against another. But most of them and the congregation seemed to feel the power of the word preached.

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Though unwell, I returned to town, preached to a large

and serious congregation, and endeavoured to secure, in a proper manner, our little building at the Point.fe44 Having preached at Nathan Perigau’s on Thursday, I found William Lynch very sick on Friday; but the small company which was collected for worship, were deeply affected under the word. And, blessed be my all-sufficient Deliverer! my soul was in a great measure disburdened of its temptations, and restored to delightful access to God, especially in the exercise of prayer. O my God! keep me always near to thee; always humble and watchful!

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At Mr. Gough’s, I met the preachers, John Mann and Thomas Foster, and we had a great melting in public worship: my own soul also partook of the blessing.

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There were five or six hundred people at the Gunpowder

Forks, to whom I discoursed on the judgments of God; and showed who are the provoking cause—not religious people, as the ignorant say, but those who transgress the laws of God in defiance of his justice. Thus it was with the antediluvians, with the Egyptians, with the apostate Israelites in the wilderness, with the inhabitants of Jerusalem after the coming of Christ, and thus it is with us. After preaching we held a love feast, and the power of God was present with us. Then went to Mr. Galloway’s and preached to a large company there. After which I went home with Mr. Colgate, but found that my labour was too much for my strength, and had brought on a fever.

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Rode nine miles and preached at Mr. Merryman’s (?), then six miles farther, and preached and met the society at Mr. G——r’s; and the Lord was with us. I now find myself better both in body and mind, and know the truth of our Lord’s words, “My grace is sufficient for thee.”

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Having travelled through the Barrens,fe45 and preached at several places, I came to brother C.’s, and met with William Lynch. And after preaching in a cold, open house, I rode to Mr. Rogers’s and was happy in the company of my good friends. On Saturday I lodged at the house of Nicholas Jones, a happy, simple soul, the glory of this family.

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We had a great meeting at the widow M.’s. I preached at

eleven o’clock to six or seven hundred souls; and then we held a love feast, in which many spoke of the goodness of God. We had five or six preachers and exhorters; so we also held a watch night from six o’clock till ten. And I felt as if it would have been no burden to have tarried in religious exercises all the night. The next evening likewise we had a very solemn watch night at William Ridgely’s.

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Having received a letter from Mrs. M. of Middle River

Neck, requesting me to go and preach a funeral sermon at the burial of her sister, I set out this morning in compliance with her request. We found it a serious, awful season: and after all was over, she offered me some money; but being in a place where I could receive my six pounds per quarter, which was sufficient for keeping me in clothes and a horse, I thankfully refused to take it. She was capable of making an excellent, useful Christian, and appeared to be under religious impressions.

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At the head of the Middle River, I found a few poor, cold- hearted, contentious people: but in the time of my preaching from Galatians 5:24, 25, most of them seemed much affected.

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At Mr. Gatch’s I met brother Rankin, who was just

recovering from a late illness; and the next day we rode in company to the Point, where he preached a very profitable sermon: and the Lord applied the word to the hearts of the people, while I preached at night in town.

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My soul enjoyed the peace of God which passeth all

understanding. Mr. Rankin went with me to Thomas Worthington’s, and as he was unwell it fell on me to preach. I was greatly drawn out in my affections and ideas; and it was a tender, melting time. On Tuesday I preached with holy warmth at Mr. S.’s, though I had caught cold, and found myself much indisposed.

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Met with brother Wade, and as I found myself unwell, I requested him to take my place for a day, but could not prevail; so I patiently submitted to go on, and think hard of nothing that may occur. If Jesus Christ suffered so much in purchasing salvation for men, we may be willing to suffer a little in carrying the glad tidings amongst them.

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My body continued unwell, and my labour has been tiresome to the flesh, but my soul has been much blessed with an uninterrupted peace, and sweet communion with God. This is the time for suffering and toil, but a rest remaineth for the people of God.

“And what are all my suff’rings here,

If, Lord, thou count’st me meet,

With thy enraptured host to appear,

And worship at thy feet?”

I went to the Fell’s Point, and delivered my message to the congregation with much freedom. But the next day my spirit was grieved to find that the love of some was waxing cold. When Christ cometh, will he find faith on the earth? What an ungrateful creature is man! to taste and see that the Lord is good, and then turn again to folly!

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My spirit was much refreshed in preaching and meeting the little flock at the Point; and while I was preaching with peculiar sympathy in town, a poor sinner was so affected that he groaned as in an agony. If sinners could know as much of hell as the damned do, they would both groan and roar aloud: it is the blindness of their minds that keeps them so easy. On Monday, William Lynch, James Foster, brother Strawbridge and myself, held a watch night at the Point; and my soul was much quickened, though many of the people appeared to be dull.

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At the funeral of Mr. T.’s son, I preached to about a

thousand souls, and gave him such a character as I thought he deserved. Some were affected; but the funeral parade engaged the attention of too many. I spent about three hours in the different exercises suitable to the occasion, found myself pure from the blood of the people, and took nothing for my services.

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Being a day of rest from public exercises, I spent it in prayer, meditation, and reading; partly in Whitby’s Notes,fe46 and partly in the Life of Solon, the Athenian philosopher.

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Meeting with two of the preachers, we took sweet counsel together. And after I had preached the next day at Gunpowder Neck, we held a love feast. There was a great melting among the people, which I hope will be the first-fruits of a gracious harvest.

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The people were too destitute of spiritual life at Mr. Dallam’s. But I found some faithful, lively souls, the next day, at Susquehanna.fe47

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For a few days past I have been variously exercised

in preaching at different places. Some congregations were warm and earnest in religion; others were dull, and seemed to have but little relish for Divine things. To-day I came home to Henry Watters’s, and, except the time employed in public and private exercises, I was taken up in reading Whitby’s Comments. He is steady to his purpose in confuting Socinianism and Calvinism.

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“Truly my soul waiteth upon God: from him cometh my

salvation.” I know they that wait upon him shall renew their strength. He hath drawn me by the cords of his love, and blessed me with sweet communion. In preaching and meeting class at Deer Creek, I felt so much of the worth of immortal souls more than usual, that I seemed as one awaking out of sleep.

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My spiritual trials have been heavy, but the Lord supported and gave me peace. Lord, sanctify me wholly, and keep me in the dust!

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Have read Whitby’s first volume as far as the end of the Acts. I preached and met class to-day at Thomas Bond’s. And the next day at the Forks, I found a people that walk closely with God. Leaving them for the present, I went to meet Mr. Rankin, who was then recovered from his illness. On the Lord’s day we were employed in public exercises at the widow Bond’s. On Monday we had a heart-affecting time in prayer meeting at Deer Creek: and Tuesday, 12, we held our quarterly meeting.fe48 We had a very solemn time at the love feast, in which many spoke freely and feelingly of what God had done for their souls. After the preaching was ended and the temporal business all settled, we then laid a plan for regulating the public exercises of the local preachers; and concluded the whole in much love and good order. But these public times interrupt my private devotions and communion with God. It would be very disagreeable to live so always. One of the preachers brought an account of an apparition that appeared to a lad, and gave a particular account of being murdered by his fellow-soldier, requesting that the lad’s father might lodge an information against the murderer: which was done. I was informed that the American and English armies were cannonading within a mile of each other, near New Rochelle.fe49 How much better would it be for mankind, to “seek peace and pursue it!”

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Was spent comfortably in company with the preachers. We

had a public meeting, in which we all prayed and exhorted: and the Lord gave us his blessing. Brother King and I spent Thursday at Mr. Gough’s; and on Friday I went to Baltimore.

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The Spirit of the Lord applied the word to the hearts of the people, while I preached in town with much animation.

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It was difficult to reach the hearts of the congregation at the Point: but we had great satisfaction in the class meeting. Though my body was weak, and there were symptoms of a fever, yet I was enabled to preach with spiritual life and power at night in town.

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My body was disordered, and my spirit sensibly felt the burden of the flesh; but under all my weakness and pains, my soul was exceedingly happy in God. On Tuesday I was still unwell, and took a vomit. By Thursday I had got clear of my fevers, and on Friday met the preachers William Watters, William Lynch, and Caleb Pedicord. But my throat was now sore, and my mind a little uneasy on account of the disappointment in the circuit.

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I felt unwell, but went to the Point in the morning, where my mind was interrupted by the frequent coming of the people, almost to the very end of the sermon. After the preaching was over, I told them that I had rather they would stay at home, than come in such an irregular manner. The congregation were very serious in the evening at town. But I felt much exhausted.

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My soul was calm and comfortable. I have applied myself

much to reading Whitby: but he has so much to say about different men’s opinions, that it makes the labour of reading him too dry and tedious. Now I began to read the Christian Library. On Tuesday intended to go to Mr. Taylor’s (?) but as there was a heavy rain, I thought it unsafe to venture so soon after my recovery. My soul has had complete victory over all sin, and been blessed with peaceable and calm fellowship with the Father and the Son. Thanks be to God for his unspeakable gifts!

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I went to Mr. Rogers’s, where we held a watch night. My ideas were much contracted in preaching; but we had several exhorters present, and they all spoke. A great part of what they said was very simple, though well intended, no doubt. The society were greatly melted at Mr. Presbury’s on Thursday; and on Friday I went to a place of William Moore’s cultivation, and I found a society of about thirty serious, steady people.

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Returning to Baltimore, I preached from Romans 8:38,

39. The congregation was small, but there was power in the word. It was now reported that the British troops were on their march to Philadelphia. Troubles may be at hand. But my design is, through grace, so to improve my time as to be always prepared for the worst. Poor sinners have cause to tremble at the approach of death; but even in that dreaded hour, the righteous can rejoice in hope of the glory of God.

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Preached as usual both at town and Point; but

some of the people seemed destitute of spiritual feelings. There is no small danger of their being given up to hardness of heart. If the word preached does not prove the savour of life unto life, it will prove the savour of death unto death. So that people may hear the word of God, and resist the operations of his Spirit, till they and their seats have an equal degree of spiritual sensibility when the word of God is preached.

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In reading Whitby on 1 Corinthians 4:4, I observed these words: “Here also note in St. Paul another sense of justification; as it relates to our absolution from condemnation, and our approbation as righteous at the last day, which will be, saith he, according to our works, (2 Corinthians 5:10,) and our fidelity in execution of the trusts committed to us, verse 2.” We are commanded to follow Jesus Christ. And he, for the joy that was set before him, endured the cross, despising the shame. So it is our duty to follow the example of Moses, who had respect unto the recompense of reward. Hence it appears, we are justified by the merits of Christ, through faith, in the day of conversion; and by the evidence of works in the day of judgment. Happy is the Christian who abounds with them!

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I was informed that proposals were in agitation for settling Mr. Swope, and allowing him a maintenance. But none of these things shall give me much distress. My soul quietly resteth in the Lord. I have some desire to know the issue of what relates to Philadelphia at this critical juncture. But there is a God who overruleth all these matters.

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My soul was much enlarged to-day in preaching at Nathan Perigau’s. I afterward went in company with Mr. Owings to brother Lynch’s [?]. And on Friday, Nathan Perigau, William Moore, and myself, held a watch night. Saturday, I returned to Baltimore, in a spiritual frame of mind, and preached from John 8:12: “He that followeth me shall not walk in darkness.”

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My present practice is, to set apart about three hours out of every twenty-four for private prayer; but Satan labours much to interrupt me; nevertheless, my soul enjoys a sweet and peaceful nearness to God, for the most part, in these duties. I found some at the Point mourning for an interest in Jesus Christ. May the Lord, whom they seek, come suddenly into the temple of their disconsolate hearts!

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My ideas were clear and my heart was warm, while I was treating on the regal dignity of Christ, the nature of his government, and the privileges of his subjects.

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With the snow full in my face, I set out for Mr. Taylor’s (?). The flesh was reluctant for a while, but was brought to submit. When the mind is reconciled to duties and difficulties, then that which was hard becomes easy.

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I was greatly assisted and blessed in my own soul, while preaching about two hours at a watch night at Mr. Presbury’s. We have many alarming accounts of martial preparations. But I leave the troubles of to-morrow till to-morrow comes. My desire is to live more to God to-day than yesterday, and to be more holy this hour than the last.

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The troubles of the times seemed so to engross the

attention of the people, that the congregation were very dull while I preached at night in Baltimore, from Micah 6:9: “The Lord’s voice crieth unto the city, and the man of wisdom shall see thy name; hear ye the rod, and who hath appointed it.” It seems Mr. Rankin is going to New York.

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Received a narrative of the work of God in Virginia, written by Mr. Jarratt, to be sent to Mr. Wesley. The Lord has been displaying the power of his grace in a marvellous manner, through many parts of Virginia. An extract of the narrative is here subjoined.

BRIEF NARRATIVE

A BRIEF NARRATIVE OF THE REVIVAL OF RELIGION

IN VIRGINIA. IN A LETTER TO A FRIEND.fe50

DEAR SIR,—You were pleased, when in Virginia,fe51 to desire a narrative of the work of God in these parts. I shall give you matter of fact, in a plain, artless dress; relating only what I have myself seen and heard, and what I have received from men on whose judgment and veracity I can fully depend.

That you may have a full view of the whole, I shall go back as far as my first settlement in this parish. August 29, 1763, I was chosen rector of Bath, in the county of Dinwiddie, in Virginia. Ignorance of the things of God, profaneness, and irreligion, then prevailed among all ranks and degrees. So that I doubt if even the form of godliness was to be found in any one family of this large and populous parish. I was a stranger to the people: my doctrines were quite new to them; and were neither preached nor believed by any other clergyman, so far as I could learn, throughout the province.

My first work was, to explain the depravity of our nature; our fall in Adam, and all the evils consequent thereon; the impossibility of being delivered from them by anything which we could do, and the necessity of a living faith, in order to our obtaining help from God. While I continued to insist upon these truths, and on the absolute necessity of being born again, no small outcry was raised against this way, as well as against him that taught it. But by the help of God, I continued to witness the same both to small and great.

The common people, however, frequented the church more constantly, and in larger numbers than usual. Some were affected at times, so as to drop a tear. But still, for a year or more, I perceived no lasting effect, only a few were not altogether so profane as before. I could discover no heartfelt convictions of sin, no deep or lasting impression of their lost estate. Indeed I have reason to believe that some have been a good deal alarmed at times. But they were shy of speaking to me (thinking it would be presumption) till their convictions wore off.

But in the year 1765, the power of God was more sensibly felt by a few. These were constrained to apply to me, and inquire, “What they must do to be saved?” And now I began to preach abroad, as well as in private houses; and to meet little companies in the evenings, and converse freely on divine things. I believe some were this year converted to God, and thenceforth the work of God slowly went on.

The next year I became acquainted with Mr. M’Roberts,fe52 rector of a neighbouring parish; and we joined hand in hand in the great work. He laboured much therein; and not in vain. A remarkable power attended his preaching, and many were truly converted to God, not only in his parish, but in other parts where he was called to labour.

In the years 1770 and 1771, we had a more considerable outpouring of the Spirit, at a place in my parish called White Oak.fe53 It was here first I formed the people into a society, that they might assist and strengthen each other. The good effects of this were soon apparent. Convictions were deep and lasting: and not only knowledge, but faith, and love, and holiness continually increased.

In the year 1772, the revival was more considerable, and extended itself in some places, for fifty or sixty miles round. It increased still more in the following year, and several sinners were truly converted to God. In spring, 1774, it was more remarkable than ever. The word preached was attended with such energy, that many were pierced to the heart. Tears fell plentifully from the eyes of the hearers, and some were constrained to cry out. A goodly number were gathered in this year, both in my parish and in many of the neighbouring counties. I formed several societies out of those which were convinced or converted; and I found it a happy means of building up those that had believed, and preventing the rest from losing their convictions.

In the counties of Sussex and Brunswick, the work, from the year 1773, was chiefly carried on by the labours of the people called Methodists. The first of them who appeared in these parts was Mr. Robert Williams, who, you know, was a plain, artless, indefatigable preacher of the gospel: he was greatly blessed in detecting the hypocrite, razing false foundations, and stirring believers up to press after a present salvation from the remains of sin. He came to my house in the month of March, in the year 1773. The next year others of his brethren came, who gathered many societies both in this neighbourhood, and in other places, as far as North Carolina. They now began to ride the circuit, and to take care of the societies already formed, which was rendered a happy means, both of deepening and spreading the work of God.

I earnestly recommended it to my societies, to pray much for the prosperity of Sion, and for a larger outpouring of the Spirit of God. They did so; and not in vain. We have had a time of refreshing indeed: a revival of religion, as great as perhaps ever was known, in country places, in so short a time. It began in the latter end of the year 1775: but was more considerable in January, 1776, the beginning of the present year. It broke out nearly at the same time, at three places, not far from each other. Two of these places are in my parish; the other in Amelia county—which had for many years been notorious for carelessness, profaneness, and immoralities of all kinds. Gaming, swearing, drunkenness, and the like, were their delight, while things sacred were their scorn and contempt. However, some time last year one of my parish (now a local preacher) appointed some meetings among them, and after a while induced a small number to join in society. And though few, if any of them were then believers, yet this was a means of preparing the way of the Lord.

As there were few converts in my parish the last year, I was sensible a change of preachers was wanting. This has often revived the work of God: and so it did at the present time. Last December one of the Methodist preachers, Mr. Shadford, preached several times at the three places abovementioned. He confirmed the doctrine I had long preached; and to many of them not in vain. And while their ears were opened by novelty, God set his word home upon their hearts. Many sinners were powerfully convinced, and mercy! mercy! was their cry. In January, the news of convictions and conversions was common; and the people of God were inspired with new life and vigour by the happiness of others. But in a little time they were made thoroughly sensible that they themselves stood in need of a deeper work in their hearts than they had yet experienced. And while those were panting and groaning for pardon, these were entreating God, with strong cries and tears, to save them from the remains of inbred sin, to “sanctify them throughout, in spirit, soul, and body;” so to “circumcise their hearts,” that they might “love God with all their hearts,” and serve him with all their strength.

During this whole winter, the Spirit of the Lord was poured out in a manner we had not seen before. In almost every assembly might be seen signal instances of divine power, more especially in the meetings of the classes. Here many old stout-hearted sinners felt the force of truth, and their eyes were open to discover their guilt and danger. The shaking among the dry bones was increased from week to week: nay, sometimes ten or twelve have been deeply convinced of sin in one day. Some of these were in great distress, and when they were questioned concerning the state of their souls, were scarce able to make any reply but by weeping and falling on their knees, before all the class, and earnestly soliciting the prayers of God’s people. And from time to time he has answered these petitions, set the captives at liberty, and enabled them to praise a pardoning God in the midst of his people. Numbers of old and gray-headed, of middle-aged persons, of youth, yea, of little children, were the subjects of this work. Several of the latter we have seen painfully concerned for the wickedness of their lives, and the corruption of their nature. We have instances of this sort from eight or nine years old. Some of these children are exceeding happy in the love of God—and they speak of the whole process of the work of God, of their convictions, the time when, and the manner how, they obtained deliverance—with such clearness as might convince an atheist that this is nothing else but the great power of God. Many in these parts who had long neglected the means of grace now flocked to hear, not only me and the travelling preachers, but also the exhorters and leaders. And the Lord showed he is not confined to man; for whether there was preaching or not, his power was still sensible among the people. And at their meetings for prayer, some have been in such distress that they have continued therein for five or six hours. And it has been found that these prayer meetings were singularly useful in promoting the work of God.

The outpouring of the Spirit which began here, soon extended itself, more or less, through most of the circuit, which is regularly attended by the travelling preachers, and which takes in a circumference of between four and five hundred miles. And the work went on, with a pleasing progress, till the beginning of May, when they held a quarterly meeting at Boisseau’s chapel, in my parish. This stands at the lower line of the parish, thirty miles from White’s chapel,fe54 at the upper line of it, where the work began. At this meeting, one might truly say, the windows of heaven were opened, and the rain of Divine influence poured down for more than forty days. The work now became more deep than ever, extended wider, and was swifter in its operations. Many were savingly converted to God, and in a very short time, not only in my parish, but through several parts of Brunswick, Sussex, Prince George, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, and Amelia counties. The second day of the quarterly meeting a love feast was held. As soon as it began the power of the Lord came down on the assembly like a rushing mighty wind; and it seemed as if the whole house was filled with the presence of God. A flame kindled and ran from heart to heart. Many were deeply convinced of sin; many mourners were filled with consolation; and many believers were so overwhelmed with love, that they could not doubt but God had enabled them to love him with all their heart. When the love feast was ended, the doors were opened. Many who had stayed without then came in; and beholding the anguish of some, and the rejoicing of others, were filled with astonishment, and not long after with trembling apprehensions of their own danger. Several of them prostrating themselves before God, cried aloud for mercy. And the convictions which then began in many, have terminated in a happy and lasting change. The multitudes that attended on this occasion, returning home all alive to God, spread the flame through their respective neighbourhoods, which ran from family to family: so that within four weeks, several hundreds found the peace of God. And scarce any conversation was to be heard throughout the circuit, but concerning the things of God: either the complaining of the prisoners, groaning under the spirit of bondage unto fear; or the rejoicing of those whom the Spirit of adoption taught to cry, “Abba, Father.” The unhappy disputes between England and her colonies, which just before had engrossed all our conversation, seemed now in most companies to be forgot, while things of far greater importance lay so near the heart. I have gone into many, and not small companies, wherein there did not appear to be one careless soul; and the far greater part seemed perfectly happy in a clear sense of the love of God.

One of the doctrines, as you know, which we particularly insist upon, is that of a present salvation; a salvation not only from the guilt and power, but also from the root of sin; a cleansing from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, that we may perfect holiness in the fear of God; a going on to perfection, which we sometimes define by loving God with all our hearts. Several who had believed were deeply sensible of their want of this. I have seen both men and women, who had long been happy in a sense of God’s pardoning love, as much convicted on account of the remains of sin in their hearts, and as much distressed for a total deliverance from them, as ever I saw any for justification. Their whole cry was:—

“O that I now the rest might know—

Believe, and enter in;

Now, Saviour, now the power bestow,

And let me cease from sin!”

And I have been present when they believed that God answered this prayer, and bestowed this blessing upon them. I have conversed with them several times since, and have found them thoroughly devoted to God. They all testify, that they have received the gift instantaneously, and by simple faith. We have sundry witnesses of this perfect love who are above all suspicion. I have known the men and their communication for many years, and have ever found them zealous for the cause of God—men of sense and integrity, patterns of piety and humility; whose testimony therefore may be depended on.

It has been frequently observed, that there never was any remarkable revival of religion, but some degree of enthusiasm was mingled with it— some wildfire mixed with the sacred flame. It may be doubted whether this is not unavoidable in the nature of things. And notwithstanding all the care we have taken, this work has not been quite free from it; but it never rose to any considerable height, neither was of long continuance. In some meetings there has not been that decency and order observed which I could have wished. Some of our assemblies resembled the congregation of the Jews at laying the foundation of the second temple in the days of Ezra— some wept for grief; others shouted for joy; so that it was hard to distinguish one from the other. So it was here: the mourning and distress were so blended with the voice of joy and gladness, that it was hard to distinguish the one from the other, till the voice of joy prevailed—the people shouting with a great shout, so that it might be heard afar off. To give you a fuller insight into this great work of God, I subjoin an extract from two or three of my letters.

TO THE REV. MR. M’ROBERTS

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Devereaux Jarratt

TO MR. THOMAS RANKIN

The following letter, which relates to the same work, was written some time after.

TO THE REV. MR. WESLEY

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