Section 16: Dialects in the Greek Tongue

SECTION XVI.

OF THE DIALECTS IN THE GREEK TONGUE.

1. A DIALECT is the various forms of Pronunciation peculiar to several sorts of people speaking one and the same language.

2. The Dialects in Greek are four; the Attic, the Ionic. the Doric, and the Aeolic.

1. — THE ATTIC.

1. The Attic Dialect contracts,

(1.) By cutting off a vowel or diphthong between two words; as, tauj to< for to< aujto<, κείς for kai< eijv.

(2.) By joining two separate vowels or diphthongs; as, tajma< for ta ejma<, προὐργου for pro< ἐργου.

(3.) By uniting syllables, while it retains the letters; as, Nhrh~|dev for Nhrhi`>dev.

(4.) By dropping one vowel, that the two others might be contracted; as, ἐμουδόκει for ejmoi< ἐδόκει.

(5.) By dropping one vowel, and uniting two others; as, ἐμουποδύνει for ejmoi< ὑποδύνει.

(6.) By dropping one vowel, and uniting two others in a Contraction; as, ejn τᾀθιοπίᾳ for ejn th~| Αἰθιοπίᾳ.

(7.) Also by contracting syllables in the same word, and omitting letters; as, ποῶν for ποιῶν.

2. This Dialect changes s into x, as, ξὺν into r, as, θαῤῥεῖν for θαρσεῖν into t, as, πράττω for πράσσω.

3. It casts away i from ai and ei as, κλάω for κλαίω.

4. It changes o into w as, νεὼς for ναός.

5. It joins oun to the end of words, and i to Adverbs; as, οὐκουν, nuni< for νῦν.

6. It puts nundi< for νῦν de<, ojyi< for ojye<, in Compounds; as, ὀψιμαθής.

2. — THE IONIC.

1. The Ionics drop a consonant; as, κρέαος for κρέατος.

2. They assume an e as, μυσέων for μυσῶν.

3. They change a long into ae as, ἀεθλος for ἀθλος ei into hi`, as, ἀληθήι`a for ἀλήθεια a| into hi`, as, Θρήιξ for Qra~|x w| into aoi, as, ajoidh< for ᾠδή au into wu`, as, ejmwu`τέου for ejmautou~.

4. They change eo and ou into eu as, πλέον and πλοῦν, into πλεῦν a and e into h as, διήκονος for διάκονος, and θηέω for θεέω.

5. They add si or i to the Datives of Parisllabic Nouns; as, λόγοισι for λογοῖς.

6. Sometimes they insert i in the middle of a word; as, εἱως, from ἑως: Sometimes they drop it; as, μέζων for μείζων.

7. They also reject the Aspirates, as, ejpora~|n for ejfora~|n put k for p, as, κῶς for πῶς and form the Genitives of Parisyllabics in oio instead of ou, as, λόγοιο for λόγου.

3. — THE DORIC.

1. The Dorics change h, w, e, o, and ou, into a as, μᾶν for μὴν, a month; τιμᾶν for τιμῶν, of honors; μέγαθος for μέγεθος, as the Ionics; ἁσσα, for ὁσα or ὁσσα and χρύσα for crusou~.

2. They change ei into ai, as, φθαίρω for φθείρω ei into h|, as, labh~|n for λαβεῖν au and ou into w, as, ὠλαξ for αὐλαξ, μώσας for μούσας.

3. They reject i from the Infinitive; as, λαβὲν for λαβεῖν.

4. They often put the Plural of the Feminine for the Singular; as, καλὰς for καλήν.

4. — THE AEOLIC.

1. The Aeolics reject the rough Breathing, as, ἠμέρα for ἡμέρα draw back the accent, as, κάλος for καλός.

2. They also put ai for a, as, καλαῖς for καλάς άων for ῶν, as, μουσάων for μουσῶν oisa for ousa, as, τύπτοισα for τύπτουσα b for r, instead of the aspiration, as, βρόδον for ῥόδον. Some put ἐμβροτον for ἡμαρτον, I have sinned; changing the Breathing, transposing the r, and changing a into o.

3. They change mm into pp as, ὀππατα for ὀμματα. A Table of the Terminations of the several Dialects. THE PREPOSITIVE ARTICLE.

Masculine.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

N. G. D. A. N. G. V. N. G. D. A

Com. oJ tou~, tw~|, τὸν tw< τοῖν tw< oiJ τῶν τοῖς τοὺς τοῖο I. τοῖι`n I. toi< D. τοῖσι I.A.

tw~ & teu~ D. τῶς D.

τέω P.

Feminine.

Com. hJ τῆς th~| τὴν ta< ταῖν ta< aiJ τῶν ταῖς τὰς aJ τᾶς ta~| τὰν D. tai< τᾶν D.

τάων AE.

th~|v & th~|si I. A.

Neuter.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

N. G. D. A. N. G. D. N. G. D. A

Com. toJ tou~ tw~| to< tw< τοῖν tw< ta< τῶν τοῖς ta< τοῖο I. τοῖι`n I. τάων AE.

tw|~ & teu~ D. τοῖσι I.A.

τέω P.

THE SUBJUNCTIVE ARTICLE.

Masculine.

Com. o{v ou= w=| o{n oi=n oi{ w=n oi=v ou{v o{ P. ὁτου ὁτῳ A. ὁτέων ὁτέοισι I.

ὁτευ D. ὁτεω P.

ὁτέωΙ.

ὁττέω AE.

tou tw~| τὸν I. D.

Feminine.

Com. h{ h=v h|= h{n a{ ai=n ai{ w=n ai=v a{v τῆς th~| τὴν I.

a{ τᾶς ta~| τὰν D.

THE FIRST DECLENSION.

N. G. D. A. V. N. G. N. G. D. A. V.

Com. av ou a| an a< a ain ai ῶν aiv av ai hv ou h| hn h

hv ew h| hn & ea έωνῃς & ῃσι ewv I.

av a a| an ᾶν D. αῖσιΑ. aiv

AE.

ao AE. άωνΑΕ.

w, by Crasis from ew, P.

Com. a hv h| an a a ain ai ῶν aiv av ai

h hn h

h hv h| hn έωνῃς I.& ῃσι I.A.

a av a| an a|~n αῖσι D.

άωνΑΕ.

THE SECOND DECLENSION.

Com. ov ou w| on e w oin oi wn oiv ouv oi

on on a a a

oio I. οῖι`n I. oisi I.A.

wv & ov D.

Com. wv w w| wn wv w ῳν w wn ῳς wv w

wn wn w w w

wo ῳο P.

THE THIRD DECLENSION.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

N. G. D. A. N.G. N. G. D. A. V.

Com. a i u ov i a e οῖν ev wn si av ev

w n r

s x y n a xi a a

yi

essi & esi P.

THE FIRST CLASS OF CONTRACTS.

N. G. D. A. V. N.A. G.D. V. N. G. D. A. V. Com.hv eov ei` ea ev ee έοιν ee eev έων esi eav eev ev h ev eiv ῶν eiv eiv

ouv ei h οῖν h ea ea ea

ov ov ov h h h

euv AE.` hn A. essi I.P.

&D` hv A.

SECOND CLASS.

N. G. D. A. V. N.A. G.D. V. N. G. D. A. V. Com. Iv iov ii` in i ie ioin iev iwn isi iav iev i i i ia ia ia

eov ei` ee eoin eev ewn esi eav eevI.

hov hi P. h eiv eivA. eiv I.

ewv ei A.

THIRD CLASS.

N. G. D. A. V. N.A. G.D. V. N. G. D. A. V. Com. εὺς έος έι` έα eu~ έε έοιν έες έων εῦσι έαςέες ei~ εῖς εῖς εῖς

εῦς AE. ῆι ῆα I. ῆε I. ήοιν ῆες ήων ήεσσι ῆας ῆεςΙ.

έως A. ῆΠ. ήσσι I.

ῆος I. a A. έσι P.

εῖοςΙ.

iov B.

hov AE.

eiovAE.

eov A.

FOURTH CLASS.

N. G. D. A. V. N.A. G.D. V. N. G. D. A. V. Com. w< όος όι` όα oi~ w< οῖν w< oi< ῶν οῖς οὺς oi< ὼς οῦς oi~ w~

ῶς ῶν AE.

οῦν I.

w< A.

FIFTH CLASS.

Singular. Dual Plural.

N. G. D. A. V. N.A. G.D. V. N. G. D. A. V. Com.av atov ati av av ate άτοιν ate ata άτωνασι ata ata Sync. aov ai` ae άοιν ae aa άων aa aa

Cras. wv a| a w~|n a a ῶν a a

THE DIALECTS OF PRONOUNS.

’Egw>.

Singular.

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.

Com. ejgw< ejmou~ mou~ ejmoi< moi< ejme< me< Att. ἐγωγε ἐμοιγε

Dor. ἐγώνη ἐγὼν ejmeu~ ἐμίν

ἐγωγα

Aeol. ἐγὼν ejmeu~ ἐμοῖο ἐμέο

ἐμέοθεν Parag.

ἐμέθεν Sync.

Poet. ἐμεῖο

Boeot. ἰώγα ἰώνγα

Dual.

Nom. & Acc. Gen. & Dat.

Com. nw~ νῳν

Dor. ἁμμε

Aeol. ἀμμε

Poet. νῶι` νῶι`n

Plural.

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.

Com. ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν ἡμῖν

Dor. ἁμες ἁμμες ἁμῶν ἁμέων ἁμῖν ὰμας Aeol. ἀμμες ἀμμων ἀμμέων ἀμμιν ἀμμι ἀμμας Ion. ἡμέες ἡμέων (P. ἡμείων ἡμίν) ἡμέας Su>>.

Singular.

Com. su< sou~ soi< se<

Dor. tu< τύγα τύνη seu~ teu~ τεοῖο toi< te< tu< Aeol. seu~ teu~

Ion. σοῖο se~o

Poet. σεῖο σέοθεν σέθεν τὶν tei<`n

Dual.

Nom. & Acc. Gen. & Dat.

Com. sfw~ sfw~|n

Dor. ὑμμε

Aeol. ὐμμε

Poet. σφῶι` σφῶι`n

Plural.

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.

Com. ὑμεῖς ὑμῶν ὑμῖν uJmav

Dor. um[mev ὑμες ὑμμιν ὑμμι ὑμμας

Aeol. ὐμμες ὐμμῶν ὐμμέων ὐμμιν ὐμμι ὐμμας Ion. ὑμέες ὑμέων ὑμέας

Poet. ὑμεῖες ὑμείων ὑμὶν

Ou=.

Singular.

Gen. Dat. Acc.

Com. ou= oi=< e{

Dor. eu= μὶν 7 νὶν

Aeol. eu+

Ion. ἑο eJe<

Poet. ei=o

ἑοθεν Parag.

ἑθεν Sync.

Dual.

Nom. & Acc. Gen. & Dat.

Com. sfe< σφὶν

Poet. sfwe< sfee< sfwi`<n

Plural.

Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc.

Com. σφεῖς σφῶν σφίσι σφᾶς

Dor. σφὲς sfe<

Ion. σφέες σφέων σφὶν σφέας

Poet. σφείων sfi< σφὶν sfe<

M. F. N. M. F. N.

Com. σὸς sh< σὸν Com. o{v h{ o{n

Dor. τεὸς tea< τεὸν Poet. ἑὸς eJh< ἑὸν τῆνος, for ἐκεῖνος, D.

From the Plural, ἡμέτερος, ἡμετέρα, ἡμέτερον, Dor. ἁμὸς, aJma<, Poet. aJmh<, ἁμόν ὑμὸς, uJmh<, or uJma<, uJma<, uJmon, for ὑμέτερος, ὑμετέρα, ὑμέτερον σφὸς, sfh<, or sfa<, σφὸν, for σφέτερος, σφετέρα, σφέτερον ou=tov and ἐκεῖνος, Aeol.

Eijmi<, I am;

(With a grave accent, to distinguish it from εἰμι, eo, circumflected.) INDICATIVE MOOD.

Present.

S. eijmi< εἰς or ei+ ejsi<

ejmmi< D. ἐῃ — ἐει A. ejnti< D.

ἠμι AE. ejssi< P.

D. ἐσὸν ἐσὸν

P. ἐσμὲν ejse< eijsi<

εἰμὲς D. ejte< P. ἐασι I.

ἐμὲν P. εὐτι AE.

εἰμὲν ejnti< D.

Imperfect.

S. h+n< ἠς h+ or ἠν Att.

ἐα P. ἠσθα AE. ἠς Att.

h+ A. ἐησθα P. ἐη P.

ἠα P. ἠες ἠε

ἐσκον ἐσκες ἐσκὲ

ἑον ἐες ἠη

εἰν εἰς

ἠην A. ἐεις

D. ἠτον ἠτην

ἠσον ἠσην

ἐτον ἐτην

ἐσον ἐσην

P. ἠμεν ἠτε ἠσαν

ἠμες D. ἐσαν ἐσσαν ἐσκον P.

ἠν Sync.

First Future.

S. ἐσομαι ἐσῃ ἐσεται

ἐσσομαι P. ἐσσῃ ἐσσεαι P. ἐσσεται ejsseitai P.

ἐσοῦμαι D. ἐσει A. D ἐσεῖται D.

ἐσευμαι ἐσεαι esai Sync.

D. ἐσόμεθον ἐσεσθον ἐσεσθον

P. ἐσόμεθα ἐσεσθε ἐσονται ἐσσονται P. Preterpluperfect.

S. ἠμην ἠσο ἠτο D. ἠμεθον ἠσθον ἠσθην P. ἠμεθα ἠσθε ἠντο ἐατο εἰατο I.

IMPERATIVE MOOD.

Present.

S. ἰσθι or ἐσο, ἐσω ἐσθι P. ἐσσο ἐσσω P. ἠτω D. ei+ by Crasis P.

D. ἐσον ἐσων

P. ἐσε ἐσωσαν or ἐσων Att.

OPTATIVE MOOD.

Present.

S. εἰην εἰης εἰη, or ἐοιμι ἐοις ἐοι I. D. εἰητον εἰήτην

P. εἰημεν εἰητε εἰησαν εἰμεν εἰτε εἰεν Sync. Future. ἐσσίμην ἐσοιο ἐσοιτο, etc.

SUBJECTIVE MOOD.

Present.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

w+ h|+v h+| ἠτον ἠτον ὠμεν ἠτε ὠσι

εἰω P. εἰης εἰη P. εἰητονΠ. εἰωμεν εἰητε εἰωσι P. ἐω I. ἐῃς I. ἐῃ I. ἐητον I. εἰομεν

ἠσθα A. ἠσι I. ἐωμεν ἐητε I.

ἐῃσι I. ὠμες

INFINITIVE MOOD.

Present.

εἰναι — ἐμεν I. ἠμεν or ἠμε D.

ἐμεναι A. ἐμμεναι AE. εἰμεναι P.

Future. ἐσεσθαι.

PARTICIPLES.

Pres. ὠν οὐσα o{n, etc. ἐὼν ἐοῦσα ἐὸν I. ei}v εἰσα e}n AE. Fut. ἐσόμεν-ov h on, etc. ἐσσόμενος P. The Dialects of the Verb Active.

INDICATIVE.

Present.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

w eiv ei eton eton omen ete ousi

hv h Aeol. omev onti Dor.

ev e Dor.

Imperfect, and Indefinite 2.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

on ev e eton έτην omen ete on

skon skev ske, without the Augment, I. & P. osan B. Future 1.

w eiv ei eton eton omen ete ousi

iw~ ιεῖς iei~ ιεῖτον ιεῖτον ιοῦμεν ιεῖτε ιοῦσι from Verbs in ἰζω, having more than two syllables. w~ εῖς ei~ εῖτον εῖτον οῦμες εῖτε οῦντι D. εῦμες, εῦντι

έω έεις έει I. & P. in Verbs of the Fourth Conjugation. Indefinite 1.

a av a aton άτην amen ate an

askon askev aske I.P. amev asan

B.

Preterperfect.

a av e aton aton amen ate asi

amev D. anti

D.

an B.

aa aav ae, etc., I.

Preterpluperfect.

ein eiv ei eiton είτην eimen eite eisan

hn hv h A. &. D. eimev D.

esan A.& I. ea ee I.

Future 2.

w εῖς ei~ εῖτον εῖτον οῦμεν εῖτε οῦσι οῦμες οῦντι εῦντι D.

έω έεις έει έειτον, etc., Ion.

IMPERATIVE.

Present.

e έτω eton έτων ete έτωσαν

όντων A.

Indefinite 1.

on άτω aton άτων ate άτωσαν

άντων A.

Indefinite 2.

e έτω eton έτων ete έτωσαν

on I. όντων A.

OPTATIVE.

Present, Preterperfect, Indefinite 2, and Future 1 & 2. Singular. Dual. Plural.

oimi oiv oi oiton οίτην oimen oite oien

oimev D.

Indefinite 1.

aimi aiv ai aiton αίτην aimen aite aien

eia eiav eie AE. aimev D.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

In all Tenses.

w ῃς h| hton hton wmen hte wsi

ῃσι I. wmev wnti

INFINITIVE.

Pres. & Fut. 1. Perf.

ein έναι

έμεν I. έμεν I.

έμεναι A. D. έμεναι D. A.

en D.

έμμεναι P.

Indef. 1. Indef. 2. & Fut. 2.

ai εῖν

έμεναι I. έειν έμεν I.

έμεναι A. D. en D.

PARTICIPLES.

Present. Perfect.

wn ousa on ὼς υῖα ὸς

οῖσα D. ὼν AE`. as, εἰρηκὼν, for

εἰρηκὼς.

εῦσα AE. ῶσα ὼς A.

Indef. 1. Fut. 2.

av asa an wn οῦσα οῦν A.

aiv aisa ain Aeol. έων έουσα έον I.

Indef. 2. Fut. 1.

ὼν οῦσα ὸν wn ousa on

οῖσα D. οῖσα D.

εῦσα AE.

INDICATIVE.

Present.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

όμαι h| etai όμεθον esqon esqon όμεθα esqe ontai eai I. όμεσθα A.

hai P. όμεθεν Aeol.

ei A.

Imperfect.

όμην ou eto όμεθον esqon έσθην όμεθα esqe onto eo I. όμεσθα A.

eu D.

skou sketo I.P.

Indefinite 2.

hn hv h hton ήτην hmen hte hsan

en B.

Future 2, & Paulo-post Future.

omai h| etai όμεθον esqon esqon όμεθα esqe ontai eai I. όμεσθα A.

hai P..

Preterperfect.

mai sai tai meqon qon qon meqa qetai, or μένοι (eijsi<) mesqa A. atai I.

Preterpluperfect.

mhn so to meqon qon qhn meqa qe to, or μένοι (ἠσαν) mesqa A. ato I.

Indefinite 1.

qhn qhv qh qhton θήτην qhmen qhte qhsan

qh A. qen I.

Future 1.

θήσ-omai h| etai όμεθον esqon esqon όμεθα esqe ontai eai Ion. omesqa D.

IMPERATIVE.

Present.

ou έσθω esqon έσθων esqe έσθωσαν

eo I. eu D. έσθων A.

The other Tenses have no Dialect.

OPTATIVE.

Present, Future 1 & 2, Paulo-post Future.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

οίμην oio oito οίμεθον oisqon οίσθην οίμεθα oisqe ointo οίμεσθα A.οίατο I. P.

Indefinite 1 & 2.

είην είης είη είητον είητην είημεν είητε είησαν εῖμενεῖτε εῖεν Sync.

εῖμες D.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

Present.

wmai h| htai ώμεθον hsqon ήσθον ώμεθα hsqe wntai eai I. ώμεσθα A.

hai P.

Indefinite 1 & 2.

w~ h|~v h~| ῆτον ῆτον ῶμεν ῆτε ῶσι

έω έῃς έῃσι, etc., I. ῶμες D. ῶντι D INFINITIVE.

Indef. 1& 2. ῆναι ήμεναι D. ῆμεν I.

The Dialects in the Middle Voice.

INDICATIVE.

Indefinite 1.

άμην w ato άμεθον asqon άσθην άμεθα asqe anto ao I. άμεσθα A.

a D.

Indefinite 2.

όμην ou eto όμεθον esqon έσθην όμεθα esqe onto eo I. όμεσθα A.

Future 1.

omai h| etai όμεθον esqon esqon όμεθα esqe ontai οῦμαι h~| εῖται D.

εῦμαι D. eai I.

Future 2.

οῦμαι h~| εῖται ούμεθον εῖσθον εῖσθον ούμεθα εῖσθε eai I. οῦνται

hai P

PARTICIPLES.

Future 2. τυπούμενος, τυπεύμενος D. AE.

IMPERATIVE.

Indefinte 1.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

ai άσθω asqon q>sqwn asqe άσθωσαν

. άσθων A.

In the other moods, the Dialects are the same as in the Active and Passive. The Dialects of Contract Verbs

Present

έω w~ εῖς ei~ εῖτον εῖτον οῦμεν εῖτε οῦσι εῦμες εῦντι & οῦντι D.

εῦσι AE.

άω w~ a~|v a~| ᾶτον ᾶτον ῶμεν ᾶτε ῶσι w~| h~|v h~| ῆτον, etc., D.

όω άᾳς άᾳ όωμεν etc., P.

έω έεις έει I.

όω w~ οῖς oi~ οῦτον οῦτον οῦμεν οῦτε οῦσι οῦμες οῦντι D.

Imperfect

οῦν eiv ei εῖτον είτην οῦμεν εῖτε oun eskon, etc., P.I. eun D.

wn av a ᾶτον άτην ῶμεν ᾶτε wn

hv h ῆτον ήτην D.

askon, etc., I.

aa P.

oun ouv ou οῦτον ούτην οῦμεν οῦτε oun

skon, etc., I.

IMPERATIVE.

Present.

ei είτω εῖτον είτων εῖτε είτωσαν

ούντων A.

a άτω ᾶτον άτων ᾶτε άτωσαν

άντων A.

OPTATIVE.

Present.

νῖμι οῖς oi~ οῖτον οίτην οῖμεν οῖτε οῖεν οίην οίης οίη, etc. A.

w|>hn w|>hv w>|, etc. D.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

w~|mi w~|v w~| w~|ton w~|thn w~|men a~|te w~|en w~|hn w|>hv w>|h, etc., D.

οῖμι οῖς oi~ οῖτον οίτην οῖμεν οῖτε οῖεν οίην οίης οίη, etc., A.

w>|hn w|>hv w>|h, etc., D.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

Present.

w~ h~v| h~| ῆτον ῆτον ώμεν hte ῶσι

h~|si I. ῶντι D.

w~ a~|v| a~| ᾶτον ᾶτον ῶμεν ᾶτε ῶσι

h~|v h~| ῆτον, etc., D.

INFINITIVE

Present.

εῖν έμεναι A. en D. hn & eiv AE. ήμεναι P. a~|n άμεναι A. hn D. aiv AE. άᾳν P. ήμεναι P. οῦν όμεναι A. οῖς & οῖν AE.εῦν D.όμμεναι P. The Passive and Middle Voices are wanting. The Dialects of Verbs in mi.

INDICATIVE.

Present.

hmi hv hsi eton eton emen ete εῖσι

hti D. έαμεν I. enti D.

έασι I.

hton hton hmen hte hnti D.

hmi hv hsi aton aton amen ate ᾶσι

wti D. άντι D.

έασι I.

wmi wv wsi oton oton omen ote οῦσι

wti D. wnti D.

όασι I.

umi uv usi uton uton umen ute ῦσι

unti D.

ύασι I.

Present.

hn hv h eton έτην emen ete esan

ea I. ee I. . en B.

oun eiv ei A.

skon skev ske P.I.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

hn hv h aton άτην amen ate asan

skon skev ske P.I. an B.

wn av a A.

wn wv w oton ότην omen ote osan

skon skev ske P.I. on B.

oun ouv ou A.

un uv u uton ύτην umen ute usan

uskon, etc., I.

ἐσ-hn hv h hton ήτην hmen hte hsan

saskon I. ἑσαν B.

IMPERATIVE.

Present.

eti έτω a D. h AE. P. ei είτο A.

aqi άτω aton άτων ate άτωσαν

h A. a D.

oqi ότω ou A. contract. wqi P. oi D.

OPTATIVE.

Present.

είην είης είη είητον ειήτην είημεν είητε είησαν and by Sync. εῖμεν, etc.

αίην αίης αίη αίητον αιήτην αίημεν αίητε αίησαν h|>hn h|>hv h|>h P. by Sync. αῖμεν, etc.

οίην οίης οίη οίητον οιήτην οίημενοίητε οίησαν w>|hn w|>hv w|>h A. by Sync. οῖμεν, etc.

SUBJUNCTIVE.

Present.

w~ h~|v| h~| ῆτον ῆτον ῶμεν ῆτε ῶσι

έω έῃς έῃσι etc., I.

w~ a~|v| a~| ᾶτον ᾶτον ῶμεν ᾶτε ῶσι

έω έῃς έῃσι etc., I.

w~ w~|v| w~| ῶτον ῶτον ῶμεν ῶτε ῶσι

ῶσι I.

ώω ώῃς ώή P.

INFINITIVE.

Present. Indefinite.

έναι έμεναι D. έμεν I. εῖναι έμεναι D. έμεν I. άναι άμεναι D. άμεν I. ῆναι ήμεναι D. ῆμεν I. όναι όμεναι A.D. όμεν I. οῦναι όμεναι A.D. όμεν I. ύναι ύμεναι A.D. ύμεν I.

The Dialects of the Passive Voice of Verbs in mi. Present.

Singular. Dual. Plural.

emai esai etai

h| A. eai I.

amai asai atai άμεθον asqon asqon άμεθα asqe antai h| A. eai I. έαται I.

Imperfect.

έμην eso eto

ήμην etc., AE. eo I. eu D. ou A.

άμην aso ato ἱσέατο I.

ao I. w A.

όμην oso ou A. oto

IMPERATIVE.

Present.

eso έσθω I. aso άσθω oso or ou A. όσθω

eo I. w A. oi D.

ou A. eu D. ao I.

The Dialects of the Middle Voice of Verbs in mi. Indefinite 2.

έμην eso eto όμην oso oto

eo I. ou A. eu D. ou A.

IMPERATIVE.

Indefinite 2.

έσο έσθω όσο όσθω

eo I. ou A. eu~ D. ou A.

In Adverbs are found ane, sqen, and sqe, for qen and qe and on the other hand, in local Adverbs, ὀπιθεν, for ὀπισθεν βαβαιὰξ, for babai< μόγις, for μόλις, scarcely; dh<, for de> ἐνθαῦτα, for ἐνταῦθα ἀληθέως, truly for ἀληθῶς πόκα, for πότε, when; ὁκα and ὁκκα, for ὁτε, when; μὲς, for μὲν, truly; αἰὲς, for aijei<, always; ἐνδε, for ἐνδον, within; εἰκα, for εἰκεν, if; ἀλλοτα, for ἀλλοτε, otherwise. In Prepositions are found ein, for en ajpai<, for ajpo> parai<, for para> katai<, for kata> uJpai<, for uJpo> πὰρ, for para> ajmpi<, for ajmfi> and za<, in composition, for dia>.