1800

We began our conference in Charleston, twenty- three members present. I had select meetings with the preachers each evening, who gave an account of the dealings of God with their own souls, and of the circuits they supplied the past year.

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After determining by a large majority that our next meeting together (by divine permission) should be in Camden, the conference rose. Slow moved the Northern post on the eve of New Year’s day, and brought the heart-distressing information of the death of Washington, who departed this life December 14, 1799.

Washington, the calm, intrepid chief, the disinterested friend, first father, and temporal saviour of his country under Divine protection and direction. A universal cloud sat upon the faces of the citizens of Charleston; the pulpits clothed in black—the bells muffled—the paraded soldiery—a public oration decreed to be delivered on Friday, 14th of this month—a marble statue to be placed in some proper situation. These were the expressions of sorrow, and these the marks of respect paid by his feeling fellow-citizens to the memory of this great man. I am disposed to lose sight of all but Washington: matchless man! At all times he acknowledged the providence of God, and never was he ashamed of his Redeemer: we believe he died, not fearing death. In his will he ordered the manumission of his slaves—a true son of liberty in all points.

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After the burden of care was thrown off, I again resumed the pulpit; and in order the better to suit my subject to meet the conference, the new year, ordination of elders and deacons, and the General’s death, I made choice of Isaiah 61:2: “To proclaim the acceptable year of the Lord, and the day of vengeance of our God; to comfort all that mourn.” I. The acceptable year of the Lord.

II. The day of vengeance of our God.

III. To comfort all that mourn.

The congregation was large, decent, and solemn; the ordination was attended with unction from above, and the sacrament with tenderness of heart. At the new church, before the ordination of deacons, Jesse Lee discoursed upon, “The harvest truly is great,” &c. After encountering many difficulties, I was able to settle the plan of stations and to take in two new circuits.

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The main body of the preachers left the city. I desired Jesse Lee, as my assistant, to take my horse and his own and visit between this and the 7th of February, Croosawatchie, Savannah, and Saint Mary’s (a ride of about four hundred miles), and to take John Garvin to his station:fg1 the time has been when this journey would have been my delight; but now I must lounge in Charleston.

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We have had a week of snow, which made the ways extremely

miry. I attended the church in Cumberland street; my subject was 1 Peter 1:17-19. I did not enter, as I wished, into the marrow of the subject.

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Benjamin Blanton left me to attend his charge of preachers’ circuits, and to promote the sale of our books, within the limits of the Charleston conference. I have kept no journal from Sabbath to Sabbath. I have been employed in reading and answering letters to different and distant parts of the continent.

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My subject was 1 Peter 1:6, 7. I have been very unwell since Friday, but as I only attempted to labour upon Sabbath days, I could not stand back from duty; I was greatly assisted in the morning, but much outdone in the afternoon in body and mind.

At intervals Nicholas Snethenfg2 read to me those excellent sermons of Mr. James Saurin, a French Protestant minister at the Hague; they are long, elaborate, learned, doctrinal, practical, historical, and explanatory. No journal until Friday, 24. I have been unwell in my bowels; C. Patten sent me a decoction of bark, rhubarb, and nutmeg, which helps me much. This week I employed in answering my correspondents in the District of Maine, States of Massachusetts, New York, Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. On Thursday night departed this life Edward Rutledge, governor of South Carolina. He was one of the tried patriots of 1775 and 1776. The Africans gave him a good character for his humanity. On Saturday, 25, his dust is to be committed to dust. “I have said ye are gods; but ye shall die like men, and fall like one of the princes.”

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I was under some weakness of body and mind. I attended at the old church, and preached on Romans 12:9-11. January 30th we had another snow. February 3d: I have kept no journal for some days. Sabbath was a cloudy day, with rain. My sacramental subject was Revelation 1:5, 6. I have had a distressing cold in my head; notwithstanding which I have read much in books, letters, and lives.

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I began to relax my mind from writing long letters. I dined with Jesse Vaughan, and afterward visited Mr. Warnack’s family, at the Orphan House. There is no institution in America equal to this. Two or three hundred orphans are taught, fed, and clothed, and then put apprentices to good trades.

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Jesse Lee and George Doughertyfg3 came to town. The former hath been a route of about six hundred miles; and my poor gray hath suffered for it.

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I gave my last charge at Cumberland street church, from Romans 12:14-18.

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I left the city of Charleston; the day was cold and the roads bad. We came through Broughton swamp. In the evening my carriage got set fast; the second draught, the hook upon the swingle-tree gave way, and I had to take to the mud to fix the traces. At half-past eight o’clock we came to Monk’s Corner.

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It snowed. I was distressed for a wagoner whose horses ran away at the sight of my carriage, and whirled the wagon among the stumps and trees: happily no considerable injury was suffered. We lodged at the widow Turk’s, near Nelson’s Ferry—an extremely cold night.

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We wrought our passage over and through the river and

swamp, and as long as we kept the public road it was all swamp. We at length came to Gibson’s chapel, where I preached upon James 1:25. We dined at Bowman’s,fg4 and in the evening held meeting at Mr. Gale’s.

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was a very cold day; it terminated in rain. No meeting at Bradford’s.

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We came to Rembert’s, where at three o’clock I spoke upon Hebrews 3:3, to a few people. Brother Snethen also gave them a discourse.

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We came to Camden. The weather is still cold. We stopped to feed at Navy’s. We have ridden, since Monday last, one hundred and thirty miles, and my horse would not have been so outdone in two hundred or three hundred miles upon good roads. My soul hath been kept in patience, and much prayer, my body is in great weakness, undergoing disagreeable changes with the weather and my constitutional maladies.

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At Camden I preached upon 1 Corinthians 6:19, 20. We administered the Lord’s Supper. The day was cold for this climate, and but few people attended.

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We rode twenty miles to Horton’s; and on Tuesday, 18, held meeting there.

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We rode forty miles through the sands, and roads made

bad by snow and frost. We were travelling as late as eight o’clock in the evening, groping in the dark until a boy guided us along by the blaze of pine wood, to brother Shaw’s peaceable dwelling.fg5 He was gone to his circuit, but his gracious wife and children were at home. NORTH CAROLINA

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At Jackson’s meeting housefg6 we had some gracious feelings. After an absence of ten years, I called once more at friend Stephen Pace’s.

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We attended a meeting at Anson court house. We had no small congregation at Mr. Cashe’s new house. I was kindly entertained at his father’s when in Virginia and Tennessee, and now by him. They offered us money, food, lodging, or whatever we wanted. At Threadgill’s meeting house Nicholas Snethen preached. We then hasted to Mr. Atkin’s. We were compelled to wade Rocky River—the water came into my carriage box.

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At Randell’s church, in Montgomery county, I gave a discourse after brother Snethen, upon 1 Samuel 12:23.

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We came to Ledbetter’s.

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Crossed Pee Dee at Tindelsville, and landed at

Andersonborough, without any difficulties; but when we came to Williams Ford, across the river, it was impassable; we then changed our course, and took the ridge road, which was open to the Montgomery line; thence we had to guess our way, until we came to Edward Harris’s, where we fed, dined, and prayed with the women and children, and then came on we knew not where. As the sun began to decline, we thought it time to look out; to our surprise we saw a Friend’s meeting house, as we judged by its form. I then concluded we could not reach Deep River, and we stopped at John Henley’s. We had all we wanted but prayer.

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I had to pass over heavy hills, rocks, and small runs, and through thick clay: we were concluding when in Charleston, and after we set out, by the excessive cold, that there was snow not far distant. When we came into North Carolina, we found that upon Pee Dee, and Yadkin, and Deep rivers, the snow had fallen fifteen and eighteen inches deep, and continued nearly a month upon the ground, and had swelled the rivers, and spoiled the public roads. We lodged at Mr. Bell’s;fg7 having ridden only fifteen miles in two days. We left two appointments on the west side of Uwharrie: so much for that siege. My horse had hard work; my carriage was very loose in the joints by constant and long play; and myself much tired; but I revived when I saw the lawyers going to the Western courts. I thought, if they toiled and suffered for justice and silver, how ought I to labour for truth, and gold that perisheth not, and thousands of people, and hundreds of preachers.

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I gained a day by the overflowing of Uwharrie, and came to Daniel Sherwood’s, in Guilford county, within twenty miles of the track I went down last fall.

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It rained and snowed. I gave an exhortation, and ordained two deacons. We got our horses shod, and then rode to aged William Field’s.

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We set out early and hasted through deep roads to the Hickory Mountain chapel, not less than twenty-eight or thirty miles. N. Snethen went along, and preached to the people, and brought a few to meet me at friend Reeve’s, where we dined about six o’clock.

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We had no small race through Chatham county to Snipe’s. We were lost three times before we came to Clarke’s ferry, on Haw River, and had to send a boy a mile for the ferryman, and wait nearly a half-hour.

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A clear, but very cold day. We were treated with great respect at the University, by the president, Caldwell, and the students, citizens, and many of the country people. Brother Snethen preached on, “God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.” When the university is finished, I shall take notice of it. I stopped to baptize some children, and then rode on to Massey’s.

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We rode to Sihon Smith’s; and I gave a lecture in the evening.

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We came to Raleigh, the seat of government. I preached in the State House. Notwithstanding this day was very cold and snowy, we had many people to hear. I baptized a child, and came that evening to Thomas Proctor’s.fg8

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We came to the Union church. Many attended, but the excessive cold penetrated my whole system. We lodged at John Whitefield’s.

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I rode twelve miles through snow to Edmund Taylor’s, senior. This week, from Monday to Saturday at noon, I have ridden one hundred and ten miles. My mind is kept in great serenity. I have spoken every day but this.

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We have a great sleet. The healthy and the young went to

Bank’s church. At four o’clock we had a sermon at father Taylor’s, on Ephesians 4:3: “Endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.”

I. The end; the unity of the Spirit.

II. The means; there might be a union in interest, in opposition, in sentiment, in ordinances, but not in the Spirit; that this union is a union in experiences by the Spirit; and in the spirits or minds of Christians. The means are set forth in the first and second verses of the same chapter; to walk worthy of their Christian character and calling—disorderly walking breaketh union. “With all lowliness,” or every mark of humility. Pride is sure to break union: it hath done it in heaven and paradise. “Meekness”: unlawful passion will break union. “Long-suffering”: if men will not suffer long from saints and sinners, they will break union with the Church of God.

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I rubbed along, somehow, to Smith’s church. The distress I suffered in my bowels was great, and had been so for three days. My misery was so exceedingly great that I set off to leave the place; but my way from the dwelling house lay by the church; the people were collected; I felt better, stepped in, and gave an exhortation. I took Stoughton’s bitters, and got relief; and then rode on to friend Harris’s.

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I preached a short discourse on Joshua’s resolution, and rode twelve miles to Edmund Taylor’s, junior. I felt unwell.

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I attended the funeral of sister Broadie; she professed

religion three years, lived happy, and died in the Lord. Nicholas Snethen preached the funeral sermon, from, “A good name is better than precious ointment; and the day of death better than the day of one’s birth.” I gave some sentiments on, “God forbid that I should glory, save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.”

VIRGINIA

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We crossed Roanoke at Taylor’s Ferry;fg9 the river was very full. Hail, ancient Virginia, once more! In little more than four weeks we have ridden nearly two hundred miles in South, and three hundred in North Carolina. We came to Howell Taylor’s. N. Snethen preached father Young’s funeral, on Isaiah 57:1; I could only exhort. We rode home with Samuel Holmes, fifteen miles, and it was well we did.

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was a stormy day. One of my friends wanted to borrow or

beg f50 of me: he might as well have asked me for Peru. I showed him all the money I had in the world—about twelve dollars, and gave him five: strange that neither my friends nor my enemies will believe that I neither have, nor seek bags of money: well, they shall believe by demonstration, what I have ever been striving to prove—that I will live and die a poor man. At Salem we had a good Sabbath; my subject was Romans 12:19-

21. Our meeting held nearly three hours.

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I preached at William Owens’s, on Psalms 37:39Psalm 37:39, 40: we had an open, living time.

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at Myrick chapel. Thursday, 20, at Dromgoole’s chapel: Jesse Lee and N. Snethen did the preaching, and I rode home with Peter Pelham:fg10 this day’s work was riding twenty-five miles. We crossed a bridge like a castle at the Westford Ford.

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We escaped another dreadful rainy day: a prodigious quantity of water fell; we were housed: not a single person came to meeting; but we had a sermon at noon, and one in the family at night.

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We set out for Sussex, but missed our way; we soon came to an impassable stream; I asked a poor, unintelligible Negro, who lived near? he said, Lewis Gig; I recollected Grigg, and we went straight to his house and dined. We then pushed on, and finding the Three Run Creek too deep to cross, took up our lodging at J. Fisher’s.

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We rode fifteen miles to Jones’s chapel: I was very unwell, but gave a sermon on Hebrews 12:28, 29: we had three sermons, N. Snethen and Jesse Lee having followed me.

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at Pennington’s I spoke on Hebrews 13:20, 21. As we had reason to believe the river Nottoway was impassable at Allen’s bridge, we rode back seven miles to Smith’s. Tuesday morning we had to ride nearly one mile through the water, which was sometimes knee deep, and sometimes up to our horses’ sides: after riding seventeen miles, we came to Mr. Briggs’s about twelve o’clock; the day was extremely cold, and indicative of snow: we gave two sermons; my subject was 1 Corinthians 7:29, 30.

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We gave an exhortation at Lane’s chapel; lodged at Philip Davies’s; and on Thursday, 27, we rode to J. Moody’s, twenty-four miles: we crossed Blackwater at Broadwater bridge—it was very deep wading. Brother Snethen preached in the evening.

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At Blunt’s chapel: here I was unable to add many words. The probability is, we shall hold conference in this neighbourhood, as the smallpox prevails in Norfolk and Portsmouth, and the people in this settlement have made most generous offers to the preachers, provided they choose to sit in conference here.

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was a day of settled rain, and we were kept in the house, myself being very unwell.

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We rode sixteen miles through damp, cold, and cloudy

weather, to a meeting house near Everett’s bridge,fg11 not fit for a horse to stay in: I could not refrain from speaking on Psalms 12:1Psalm 12:1: “Help, Lord, for the godly man ceaseth, for the faithful fail from among the children of men.” See Isaiah 57:1; Micah 7:2. It was observed, First, What the remaining remnant had to do when the truly pious were taken from the earth:—to be godly; truly gracious souls; faithful—faithfulness the test, and continued proof of such souls: the loss the world and the Church sustained: moral men were valuable; temperate men a loss; friends to liberty and religion a loss;—much more men of sterling piety.

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We passed through Suffolk, and called upon Mr. Cowling,

whose pious father is gone to rest since I was here last. After twenty years, I called at Mr. Yerbury’s and then came on Isaac Lunsford’s. I was very unwell: for some days I have had chills, headache, and bilious symptoms; to this succeeded violent vomiting, and a desperate night.

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We came to William Wright’s, on Pig Point,fg12 where I preached a little on Hebrews 10:29.

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At Craney Islandfg13 chapel: here dreadful havoc hath been made by James O’Kelly; a peaceable society of nearly fifty souls are divided, and I fear in the end some may be destroyed: how he hath done this work we may know by reading his Apology. N. Snethen gave a great discourse on 2 Corinthians 13:5-7. It is astonishing to hear the falsehoods published against me. I lodged at James Craney’s.

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At Jolliff’s I read a most gracious account of the work of God on the eastern shore—in Cecil county, Duck Creek, and Dover, in the State of Delaware. I published it in the congregation, reading the letter: my subjects on which I preached were Hebrews 12:15, and Luke 17:5.

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We rode to James Taylor’s: I was deeply afflicted, probably occasioned by my eating of fish: I exhorted a little, administered the Lord’s supper, and then rode twenty miles to Portsmouth, and gave a brief exhortation in the neat, new house. Saturday I visited the brethren in Norfolk: they presented me with a plan of a new house, fifty by seventy; and, wonder of wonders! it is to be built on the lot adjoining that on which the old Episcopal church stands!

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My subject was 1 Corinthians 11:1-5. We administered the sacrament. In the afternoon I exhorted in Portsmouth, but it was an offence to some that I did not preach, weak as I was; and we had to administer the sacrament here also.

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We rode forty miles to William Powell’s, in Isle of Wight county: it caused tears and some disappointment, because I did not stop at Suffolk.

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We went on to William Blunt’s. Wednesday, Thursday, and

Friday, we passed in close, comfortable conference. We had great accounts of the work of God in the State of Delaware, and also Franklin circuit in Virginia. We had grace, but no gold, and we wanted one hundred and forty-three dollars of silver to pay the just demands of the preachers to their sixty-four dollars per year. Friday afternoon we rode fifteen miles to Mooring’s.

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We rode twelve miles to old Jamestown ferry; we crossed,

and had a very good passage, notwithstanding it was a very stormy day at times, with heavy showers: we then rode twelve miles to James City, and lodged at Edmund Taylor’s: my company felt the effects of being exposed to the rain: I was safe under a cover, but had as much as I could well bear. Sabbath, 13. I preached at James City chapel, on Colossians 3:1, 2: we concluded our meeting at two o’clock, dined, and rode sixteen miles to the widow Kerby’s. A great hail storm came on a few minutes after we got in.

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After the rain was over, we stood our course to Hampton: we came in about two o’clock. Brother M’Kendree preached the funeral sermon of a little child at three o’clock, myself spoke at five, brother Snethen at seven o’clock. My subject was Philippians 3:8-10.

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We rode back to York. I saw the grave where was buried the effigy of General Washington, at the probable place where Lord Cornwallis delivered up his sword to him. We lodged at brother John Stubbs’, in Gloucester.

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At Mount Zion, Jesse Lee came in before us, and had

begun to preach: I had a headache and fever, so said but little; I had the pleasure of beholding with my eyes the excellent plantation of Mr. Tabb, and of receiving every favour the heart of love and the hand of liberality could bestow. I am a stranger that tarried.

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At Cheese Cake I said a little upon James 2:5: here is a new house and society. Since I was here ten years ago, my old friend Douglass is gone to his long home.

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We came in haste to Urbanna, fifteen miles. There had been some notice given that there would be preaching here: the court house doors were opened, but not one soul appeared; we paraded upon the green awhile, and then went to the ferry—wind and tide both ahead, a leaky boat, weak hands and oars, heavily loaded in the bow with four horses, and one of them ready to leap out: they cried out to me to put back; after some hesitation, I thought we must go back or to the bottom: after cruising two miles, brother M’Kendree and brother Snethen waited; brother Andrews and myself covered our retreat by riding twenty miles into Essex, and about sunset stopped at the widow Huntley’s.

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We rode fourteen miles to S. Coles’s. I judge I have travelled little short of five hundred miles this route, over Virginia; having been in nineteen counties.

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We rode twenty-five miles through a storm of rain to the widow Rowzie’s.

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We crossed at Port Royal, and came to the widow Bombry’s: here we joined brothers M’Kendree and Snethen.

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we rode forty miles to Ward’s, near Dumfries, and

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to Alexandria, and gave a short discourse on James 1:12. I knew not which was best—to attend the quarterly meeting in Fairfax, or to go to Baltimore; I at length concluded upon the latter. MARYLAND

We came through the federal city,fg14 and were afterward lost an hour in the woods, and were benighted. We called on the widow of senior John Worthington,fg15 and saw the old mansion; we were kindly entertained, and had a comfortable night’s rest.

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We came to the city of Baltimore, where I found cause of joy and sorrow.

Sabbath day, 27. I attempted a discourse on James 5:8, 9. Bishop Coke is on his way to this city.

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I visited, and prepared for the arrangement of the preachers at the annual conference for another year. The great accounts of the work of God in various parts are as cordials to my soul. I am persuaded that upon an exact measurement, I have travelled eleven hundred miles from the 10th of February, to the 27th of April: my horse is poor, and my carriage is greatly racked.

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We opened our conference,fg16 and in three days we concluded our work in peace.

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We came to Baltimore, and Tuesday, 6, we opened our

General Conference,fg17 which held until Tuesday, 20. We had much talk, but little work: two days were spent in considering about Doctor Coke’s return to Europe, part of two days on Richard Whatcoat for a bishop, and one day in raising the salary of the itinerant preachers from sixty-four to eighty dollars per year.fg18 We had one hundred and sixteen members present. It was still desired that I should continue in my station. On the

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elder Whatcoat was ordained to the office of a bishop,

after being elected by a majority of four votes more than Jesse Lee. The unction that attended the word was great—more than one hundred souls, at different times and places, professed conversion during the sitting of conference. I was weary, but sat very close in conference. My health is better than when we began.

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I came to Greenwood (Philip Rogers’s), and Wednesday, 21, I preached at Patapsco Neck chapel, on Psalms 80:17Psalm 80:17-19. We called at Tobias Stansbury’s,fg19 and dined, talked, and prayed with his afflicted wife, who felt her confidence in God. We then came on to Perry Hall, and were received with great openness of heart. Mrs. Gough is, I hope, dying to the world, and living to Jesus. Mr. Gough is most affectionately kind.

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We came to Gunpowder Neck: bishop Whatcoat preached

and I exhorted: I trust the Lord will return to this house. I believe some felt the word this day. We went home with Stephen Watters,fg20 once more, after an absence of sixteen years.

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We came to Abingdon: the bricks are fallen down;fg21 the

probability is we shall not rebuild with hewn stones. My text was Isaiah 40:10: “Behold the Lord God will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him; behold his reward is with him, and his work before him.” This text was given me by opening my Bible at the sitting of the General Conference, when I trembled a little for the ark. The people have improved the chapel here; it was not burnt with the college, although it was within twenty yards. We lodged at William Smith’s; it is above twenty years since I lodged at his father’s house.

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We were at Bush Forest chapel—the most ancient in this circuit: my subject was Isaiah 35:3-6.

Sabbath day. We were crowded, as it was quarterly meeting. I went home with J.W. Dallam: I walked to the grave of my once dear Sally, his former wife.

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I crossed Susquehanna, and came to Northeast: we stopped a night at Howell’s;fg22 brother Whatcoat preached.

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We rode up to Back Creek (a Bethel indeed); at four o’clock, I gave a brief discourse on 1 Corinthians 7:29-31. The people sang and leaped for joy of heart; they have beaten down strong drink, and the power of God is come. We lodged at John Canaan’s.fg23

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At the Manor chapel we had a great time; my soul was divinely refreshed. We lodged at Gov. Bassett’s.

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We came down to Bridgetown,fg24 at the head of Chester

River. In the evening I lectured upon Luke 19:44: “Because thou knewest not the time of thy visitation.” I gave the people one caution:—I observed, First, What always marked a time of visitation to a people collectively and individually. Secondly, What our Lord must mean by knowing or not knowing this time of visitation; that it was the improving the time for all the valuable purposes designed. Thirdly, The dreadful consequences which will undoubtedly follow the not knowing, not improving a time of visitation; that we might fear that every calamity which might come on us in time was judicial,—and eternal torment. I have been led to meditate upon what are the happy consequences of a revival of religion; pure doctrine, strict discipline, great harmony, love, and life. DELAWARE

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We were at Blakiston’s chapel: brother Whatcoat preached; I gave a short exhortation; and several of the preachers joined in prayer. I rode in the afternoon into Dover forest, and lodged at Cox’s, formerly Lockwood’s; but he is gone hence: the people could remember that I had not been in this neighbourhood for fifteen years.

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I preached at the forest chapel, on Habakkuk 3:2, and rode to Dover that evening.

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This was a day to be remembered: we began our love feast at half-past eight; meeting was continued (except one hour’s intermission) until four o’clock, and some people never left the house until nearly midnight: many souls professed to find the Lord. In the evening I rode up to Duck Creek, to meet the conference.fg25

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We had sixty-six preachers, all connected with the business of conference: we sat closely six hours each day, until Friday 6, when about nine o’clock the conference rose. One hour was spent in public each day; but the people would not leave the house day nor night: in short, such a time hath been seldom known: the probability is, that above one hundred souls were converted to God. The stationing of the preachers was a subject that took my attention; it was with the greatest difficulty I could unbend my mind from this one hour, yea, many minutes, by day or night, until I read the plan. I felt myself bound in spirit, and perhaps conscience also, to push on to hold the next Sabbath in Philadelphia. Bishop Whatcoat and myself hasted to Wilmington on Friday.

PENNSYLVANIA

On Saturday we dined with Mary Withy;fg26 now raised above her doubts, and rejoicing in God; through her instrumentality a small society is raised in Chester,fg27 and she hath fed the Lord’s prophets twenty-eight of twenty- nine years. We came onto Schuylkill;fg28 and thence to Philadelphia.

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I preached morning and evening, at Fourth street;fg29 now making what it ought to be, and seated properly. I preached at the African church,fg30 on 2 Peter 3:17, 18, and at St. George’s, on 1 Peter 1:5-

7. I spoke only once at the conference; my subject was Psalms 29:9Psalm 29:9: “And in his temple doth every one speak of his glory”; truly fulfilled at that time and place. Surely we may say our Pentecost is fully come this year, when we recollect what God hath wrought in Edisto in South, and Guilford in North Carolina; in Franklin, Amelia, and Gloucester, in Virginia; in Baltimore, and Cecil, in Maryland; in Dover, Duck Creek, and Milford, in Delaware! My health is restored, to the astonishment of myself and friends. Monday and Tuesday in Philadelphia.

NEW JERSEY

We rode to Burlington, through excessive heat and dust, in company with Richard Whatcoat and Jesse Lee: the latter wished to preach in the evening and go on in the morning. The Baptist minister had appointed a lecture, and invited brother Lee to take his place: he accepted, and preached an appropriate sermon, on Acts 10:25.

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I gave a lecture in Burlington on 1 Corinthians 7:29-31: this is an awful place.

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We came through heat and dust to New Mills:fg31 we were

comforted in God; brother Whatcoat preached; I made a short discourse on Hebrews 10:32. I wished some to look back to former feelings, duties, experiences, and days. We have ridden above one hundred miles since our departure from Duck Creek.

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We had to stretch along through Julia, Job’s, and Reckla’s towns, to Cross Creek.fg32 We stopped and fed at Mr. Joseph Lovell’s; where we refreshed ourselves for an hour: we then came on to M. Moore’s,fg33 where I preached on Romans 12:1, 2. We then took the road through Allentown, to Joseph Hutchinson’s; and came in, weak and wearied, about five o’clock.

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At Milford, I gave a brief discourse, on Romans 13:11: we attended at Mr. Ely’sfg34 in the evening; a few souls there appeared to be deeply impressed with religious truth.

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My horse drove heavily; and I did not get in to Brunswick until one o’clock. We had a meeting; and under exhortation many felt the word. We then hasted on to Mr. Drake’s,fg35 near Amboy, where many were waiting: at five o’clock I gave an exhortation, and I believe it was felt.

NEW YORK

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We were at Staten Island, where there is a neat meeting house,fg36 and as genteel, well-dressed a people as in New York. My subject was Habakkuk 3:2. Appearances were rather unfavourable: I was very unwell, and came back to Mr. Drake’s the same evening.

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We rode in haste to New York; and on Thursday, 19, we

opened our conference; about forty preachers present. We had some knotty subjects to talk over, which we did in great peace, plainness and love. Friday and Saturday we were closely confined to business. Sabbath. My subject at the old church was Romans 12:19-21. In my introduction I observed that the text was quoted from Leviticus 19:18, and Proverbs 25:21, 22, that it might discover to us what veneration the New Testament writers had for the Old; and what was required in a believer, under that dispensation. Vengeance is not in our province; we cannot, in civil, much less in sacred causes, be our own judges or jurors: if we must feed an enemy, and not only forgive him an injury, but do him a favour, surely then we ought to love a friend, a Christian, and more abundantly a minister of Christ. This day we made a general collection for the support of the travelling ministry.

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Our conference concluded its sitting. The deficiencies amount to six hundred and ninety dollars: the moneys collected and the draft on the chartered fund, amounted to four hundred and five dollars. A motion was made to move the next yearly conference more into the centre of the work, but it was lost.

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I have now a little rest. We have had a mighty stir in the Bowery church, for two nights past, until after midnight; perhaps twenty souls have found the Lord. Bishop Whatcoat preached the ordination sermon in the afternoon at the Bowery church. I have now a little time to unbend my mind from the stations; but still my work is not done. Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday, I employed myself in reading, writing and visiting.

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We left the city; and rode twenty-six miles through heat, and plagued by the flies, to my old home at the widow Sherwood’s: but my dear Betsy Sherwood my nurse, is gone, I trust, to glory. Sabbath day, 29. We had a remarkably cool day, after a great storm of rain and hail. I attempted to preach at Sherwood chapel, on 1 Corinthians 15:34: “Awake to righteousness and sin not; for some have not the knowledge of God. I speak this to your shame.” I observed that the apostle, in Romans 13:11; Ephesians 5:14; 1 Thess, 5:6, and in the text, had indicated a sleep which professional and real Christians might fall into—an awful insensibility and inactivity to spiritual things, so as to bring an amazing stupor on all the powers of the soul; so that it would be insensible to righteousness, which is religion—the justifying and sanctifying, and practical righteousness of a gracious, wakeful soul: “Some have not the knowledge of God”; living in sin, neglecting duty, and without the knowledge of God; ignorant of the fear, favour, nature and love of God. Brother Whatcoat and John Wilson both spoke; souls were quickened. In the afternoon, at New Rochelle, brother Whatcoat preached, and I gave an exhortation; many attended. I feel as if there would be a revival of religion in this circuit this year.

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We came to Byram Bridge, and at Banks’sfg37 we had a crowded house, and a feeling time; the aged people were very attentive. CONNECTICUT

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In consequence of our circumlocutory motions we have

ridden about fifty-five miles since we left the city of New York. We came to Stamford, where brother Whatcoat gave a sermon, on, “The faith and choice of Moses.” I had only time to speak a few words, on Luke 19:44.

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We rode on to Norwalk; stopped an hour at brother

Day’s,fg38 and thence rode on to Fairfield. It was a cool day. We had an elegant view: the fields in full dress, laden with plenty; a distant view of Long Island and the Sound; the spires of steeples seen from distant hills— this country is one continuity of landscape. My mind is comforted and drawn out in prayer. We had not time to feed nor rest. It was with some exertions we came in time to Joseph Hall’s, at Poquonak. After we got a little refreshment and rest, I gave them a short discourse, on Luke 10:2. Strength and time failed me, and I could not finish and apply as I wished.

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We came to Stratford, and stopped at brother Elnathan Wheeler’s.

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The weather is damp and very warm. We came on to New Haven, where they were celebrating the Fourth of July. I fear some of them have broken good order, and become independent of strict sobriety. Bishop Whatcoat preached in the Sandemanian meeting house purchased by the Methodists.

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We rode through excessive heat, over rocks and hills, to North Bristol, twenty miles. I discoursed with some liberty on Acts 26:18.

Sabbath day, 6. We rode six miles to Ponsett’sfg39 new meeting house. A revival of religion has begun here; a dozen souls have professed to find the Lord, and several young people are under gracious visitations, and the aged are exceedingly cheered at the prospect. Bishop Whatcoat preached in the morning, and in the evening I made some improvement from 1 Peter 2:11, 12; after which we administered the sacrament. We were engaged five hours in public exercises: the day was very warm. We have travelled since last Saturday week one hundred and forty miles.

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We rode sixteen miles to Hadley. The day was awfully warm until one o’clock, when a gust came up of wind and rain; we ran from house to house, and escaped being much wet; we stopped at Mr. Woods’s. Tuesday we rode on to New London; twenty miles of the way the roads were exceedingly rocky. My soul was kept in peace, but under great temptations of various kinds. We crossed Connecticut River at Chapman’s Ferry, near Old Haddam.fg40 Where the roads here are improved they are made for ages, and are much superior to those in the South or West.

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Bishop Whatcoat held forth in the new house in New London; his subject was, “With him is plenteous redemption.” I gave a discourse upon, “Christ, the author of eternal salvation to all them that obey him.”

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We came on to Norwich Landing.fg41 I preached in the neat, elegant Episcopal church, on Acts 3:26. I felt uncommonly set at liberty: we had a very decent, attentive, well-behaved congregation. From here we hasted on to Norwichtown. Bishop Whatcoat preached. We had a most agreeable ride on the turnpike road, upon each side beautifully smiling with variety and plenty; the stage passed us like a whirlwind.

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We came to Preston, and were kindly entertained at Isaac

Herrick’s. It was the very height of rye harvest, yet many came together. I was greatly led out on the great salvation. I was refreshed in soul and body, and rode on in the evening to Nathan Herrick’s. The simplicity and frugality of New England is desirable—you see the woman a mother, mistress, maid, and wife, and in all these characters a conversable woman; she seeth to her own house, parlour, kitchen, and dairy; here are no noisy Negroes running and lounging. If you wish breakfast at six or seven o’clock there is no setting the table an hour before the provision can be produced.

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We took our departure for Rhode Island through Plainfield. The weather is still excessively warm; the roads sandy, stony, and rocky, notwithstanding the turnpike. We passed Sterling, the last town in Connecticut.

RHODE ISLAND

We wandered a mile or two out of our way, and had to pay for it, by going a cross path: we made it twenty-six miles to General Lippit’s.fg42 The general hath built a neat chapel for the use of the Methodist Episcopal Church near his house. I was taken with one of my bilious eruptions through the night.

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Richard Whatcoat preached in the morning. In the afternoon my subject was Exodus 20:24: “In all places where I record my name I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee.” It was a feeling time: although I was very unwell all the day, I could not stand back from duty.

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We came on our way to Boston, through Providence; here we did not stop—the time is not yet come. We stopped to feed at a house that was not very agreeable to me, and I was glad to come off without dining. MASSACHUSETTS

We came to Deacon Stanley’s, at Attleborough, where we took some refreshment, and reached Mr. Guild’s, and took lodging.

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We came through Wrentham, Walpole, Dedham, and

Roxbury to Boston: it was a damp day, with an easterly wind, unfriendly to my breast. As they were about finishing our church we could not preach in it. The new State house here is, perhaps, one of the most simply elegant in the United States. We made our home at Edward Haynes’s, late from England, where we had most agreeable accommodations after our toil.

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We have dry weather. We came through much dust to Lynn.

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We sat in conference; there were twenty-one members present; we had great peace and union.

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The conference rose, after voting the session of the next yearly conference to be held at Lynn. And now the toil of six conferences in seven months, and the riding of thirteen hundred miles, is over. I found some difficulty in stationing the married preachers.

Sabbath day, 20. We had an elaborate ordination sermon from Matthew 9:36-38: “But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion on them, because they fainted, and were scattered abroad, as sheep having no shepherd,” &c. There had been a long drought here, and nature seemed as if she were about to droop and die. We addressed the throne of grace most fervently and solemnly, and had showers of blessings. Whilst I was preaching the wind came up and appeared to whirl round to every point, and most gracious rain came on: this I considered as a most signal instance of Divine goodness.

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We came to Boston, and preached in the Tabernacle, now nearly finished, on Hebrews 3:12-14. We were generously entertained at Edward Haynes’s.

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Bishop Whatcoat preached in Boston, from <19B607>Psalm 116:7. Wednesday we came thirteen miles to Waltham, where we had a meeting; the subject was Revelation 21:6, 7.

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We rode through Weston, where is a grand steeple, porches, and even stalls for the horses; and it is well if they do not make the Methodists pay to support their pomp. O! religion in New England! We came through Needham, Sherburne, and Holliston, and made it thirty miles over Crook’s Hills, through excessive heat. We had not time to stop to feed, as we had appointed meeting at Milford, where we arrived a little after one o’clock. I was obliged to let brother Whatcoat ride in the carriage, or I fear he would have fainted; this made me low-spirited, and unfit to answer questions.

CONNECTICUT

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We had to ride through excessive warmth thirty miles to Thompson’s, but we took the day for it: we got to Capt. Jonathan Nicholls’sfg43 about six o’clock, where we have a house built, and some ground to set our feet upon. I have been of late powerfully tempted, and distressed in mind and body. We had a finely-dressed congregation—a good name is a great matter with these people. O Baxter! are these thy apostate children? Will Methodism ever live in such whited walls and painted sepulchres as these people, who delight to dwell insensible to the life of religion, and closed up in their own formality and imaginary security? We have now returned to the first town in Connecticut.

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I preached at the new house in Thompson: my subject was

Mark 8:34.

I. I observed the harmony of the evangelists, Matthew and Luke with Mark.

II. That our Lord had given the clusters of the grapes of the promised land in blessings and promises.

III. He had given such demonstrations of his power upon the bodies of men; the dead were raised, the hungry fed, the lepers cleansed, the lame and the blind were restored, the wind and the sea were at his command. IV. He opened the distinguishing conditions of discipleship; the denial of self in every temper and affection that is evil. They that seek to save their lives by denying Christ, shall lose soul and body; if it is through pride and shame, Christ will not dishonour himself by owning such in the day of judgment.

Bishop Whatcoat preached in the afternoon on, “Acquaint now thyself with him, and be at peace,” &c.

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We rode sixteen miles to the north end of Eastford. We have travelled nearly one hundred miles since our departure from Lynn. My subject at Joseph Work’s was Matthew 5:11: “Blessed are ye when men shall revile you and persecute you, and shall say all manner of evil of you falsely for my sake.” We lodged at Nathan Palmer’s. I stopped a few minutes at Mr. Woodward’s, in Ashford. We came on to Coventry, twenty miles. We stopped at John Searles’s, and were exceedingly well accommodated, both man and horse.

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We rode to Mr. Spencer’s,fg44 in Hartford. My mind is in peace; but I have uncomfortable feelings in my body. Here I met brothers Bostwick and Borrough.fg45 We have a house built in Spencertownfg46 for the Lord, and now they are building one for the Lord’s servants—for the married preachers to live in who are sent to the circuit.

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Was excessively warm; we made it a little less than thirty miles to Bristol; we stopped to feed our horses, but neglected ourselves. When we came to Samuel Smith’s we were nearly outdone by excessive heat and hunger. This day we crossed Connecticut River, and passed the cities of Hartford and Farmington.

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Freeborn Garrettson came up with us: he attended the

funeral of the venerable mother Livingston,fg47 who was suddenly and safely called home, aged seventy-eight, removed by a paralytic, and probably it was apoplectic also: perhaps it was about thirty-four years ago that this godly woman was awakened under the first sermon the Rev. Dr. Sadly preached in the Reformed Low Dutch church in New York, as she told me; nor she alone, but six or eight other respectable women. Madam Livingston was one that gave invitation to the Methodist preachers to come to Rhinebeck, and received them into her house; and would have given them more countenance had she been under no other influence than that of the Spirit of God and her own feelings. I visited her one year before her death, and spent a night at her mansion; she was sensible, conversable, and hospitable.

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We attended the quarterly meeting for Litchfield circuit: my subject was 2 Peter 3:17, 18. I had liberty in preaching, and felt some tenderness of heart, and evinced it with weeping eyes.

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We had a living love feast; some from Waterbury were fervent in spirit, serving the Lord. We had a crowded congregation, a close day, and the house was shut up. In consequence of my breast being weak, I declined speaking in public. Bishop Whatcoat preached, and Freeborn Garrettson exhorted. Our meeting began at eight o’clock in the morning, and continued with a few minutes’ intermission, until two in the afternoon; after which we came off, over dreadful roads, twelve miles to Torringford. I was pleased to see a house bought and fixed for brothers Augustus Jocelyn, and Elijah Batchelor,fg48 the stationed preachers of the circuit, and their wives. These brethren we left behind to improve in the after part of the Sabbath, and quarterly meeting.

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We came on and stopped at Goshen, at Captain Wright’s. The people flocked together at a short warning and I gave a discourse on Isaiah 35:3-6; after which we dined, and came on across the hills and over dreadful rocky roads to Cornwall, where brother Whatcoat preached in the meeting house, on, “We know that we are of God, and the whole world lieth in wickedness.”

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We had another tolerable siege over the Housatonic River and hills to Sharon. Here brother Whatcoat preached on, “The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptation, and to reserve the unjust to the day of judgment to be punished.” I gave an exhortation, and then we came rapidly, fifteen miles, to C. Levie’s, in the Nine Partners. NEW YORK

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We came to Row’s: Bishop Whatcoat preached on 1 John 4:17. I gave an exhortation: we then came on to Robert Sands’s,fg49 and lodged all night. We came on to Freeborn Garrettson’s new design, upon the Rhinebeck Flats. He hath a beautiful land and water prospect, and a good, simply elegant, useful house for God, his people, and the family. We have ridden between eighty and ninety miles since last Sabbath; not less than five hundred and fifty since we departed from New York; and one-third of the roads were rocky and very uneven. I read a book of about five hundred pages, the author of which is a curious writer. Friday and Saturday, 8, 9. We regaled ourselves and horses upon the pleasant banks of the Hudson; where the passing and repassing of boats and small craft, perhaps fifty in a day, is a pleasant sight.

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We had a sermon, and administered the sacrament at brother Garrettson’s; and notwithstanding public worship was held at the Dutch Church at the same hour, we had a large congregation. Bishop Whatcoat and myself filled up the service of the day.

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I rested and visited Dr. Tillotson,fg50 at his very elegant country seat, beautifully situated. The house is finely set round with trees, and there is a charming view of the North River. I was unwell internally. I must always take great heed to what I eat.

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We came through Poughkeepsie—no place for Methodism.

We stopped at Elijah Morgan’s; brother Thacherfg51 was preaching when we came in. We have ridden twenty-five miles this day, and dined in the road upon a watermelon that Mrs. Tillotson was kind enough to give us as we came by her house. I was so unwell, that I had but little appetite for anything else.

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We came on twenty-five miles to Cortlandt town,fg52 where

we saw the aged, venerable pair, the lieutenant governor and his lady: he is in his eightieth, and she in her seventy-eighth year. I had a very rocky ride over the mountains of Peekskill. I have great and sore temptations at times, but God is with me; I trust through grace to overcome them all. We stopped at Warren’s;fg53 fed, talked, prayed, and refreshed ourselves a little.

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This day is very warm. I preached at Peekskill town, upon the great salvation. Brother Whatcoat preached at Croton. We lodged at General Philip Van Cortlandt’s.

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At the Plains, Richard Whatcoat preached: I gave an exhortation. We then rode on in haste to the widow Sherwood’s.

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We pushed on with great courage, towards New York; but when within six miles of the city my horse blundered twice, and then came down with great force and broke the shaft. I got out, and my horse recovered from his fall. A smith’s shop being at hand, the shaft was mended in an hour; and we came into New York and found our service was wanting in the city, there being here only two preachers, and one of them disabled.fg54

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We had much rain; the streets flowing with water like streams. I gave them a sermon at the Bowery church, on, “Who gave himself for us that he might redeem us from all iniquity, and purify unto himself a peculiar people, zealous of good works”: and at the old church, John street, I spoke on, “But we are not of them who draw back unto perdition, but of them that believe to the saving of the soul.” It appeared most advisable to stay awhile on Monday, to have a new shaft put to the carriage. NEW JERSEY

We landed at Paulus Hook about half-past five o’clock, and pushed on to Newark.

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We came off at five o’clock, and reached Brunswick by twelve o’clock, where we dined and rested, and then continued on to Joseph Hutchinson’s, at Milford, forty-six miles. We had a pleasant and cool ride for the season.

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we came on to Hulet Hancock’s.

PENNSYLVANIA

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reached Philadelphia. I preached at St. George’s; and Bishop Whatcoat at the African church.

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We rode to the Valley;fg55 it was warm enough. Bishop Whatcoat preached at Daniel Meridith’s.fg56

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We had a proper siege up to Sawderstown,fg57 and got in by four o’clock. I gave a discourse on Hebrews 10:38, 39. Sabbath day, 24. Bishop Whatcoat preached at Martin Boehm’s church,fg58 on Psalms 72:16Psalm 72:16-20. We have now ridden, from Monday, one hundred and seventy miles. We lodged at Abraham Keaggay’s.fg59 Our Dutch Methodistsfg60 are as kind and more lively than many of the American ones.

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We crossed Susquehannah River at M’Call’s ferry;fg61 it is narrow, but very deep and rocky. After feeding man and horse, we came on to Sittler’s mill, on Muddy Creek. As we were ten miles from the place we intended to reach, well wearied, and having bad roads before us, we brought to an anchor here for a night. What time I have had to read, write, or journalize, those who know the distance and difficulties that must have attended me through the last week may judge; it would be impossible for me to relate all the workings of my heart, but I trust my soul has been kept in patience and devotion.

MARYLAND

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We came into Maryland:fg62 sometimes we had no roads, and at other times old ones that the wagons had left. Thus we bolted and blundered along the rocky rivulets until we came within sight of James Fisher’s. The meeting had been appointed at the widow Jolley’s:fg63 the house was large, and we had no small congregation; they came, some to see and some to hear. I had walked where I feared to ride and it was exceedingly warm; but I took courage when I saw the people: the portion which I gave them was 1 John 2:24, 25. We had hardly time to eat and breathe, before we had to beat a march over the rocks, eight miles to Henry Watter’s, upon Deer Creek. Brother Whatcoat went ahead and preached, and I came on time enough to exhort a little.

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I preached at the Forks meeting house (fifteen miles on a carriage road), warm as it was. Brother Whatcoat gave us a good sermon, upon <19B607>Psalm 116:7: “Return unto thy rest, O my soul”; I exhorted very little. The heat continued. That evening we came with equal difficulties to Perry Hall; but the greatest trouble of all was that the elders of the house were not at homefg64: the walls, the rooms no longer vocal, all to me appeared hung in sackcloth. I see not the pleasant countenances, nor hear the cheerful voices of Mr. and Mrs. Gough! She is in ill health, and writes: “I have left home, perhaps never to return.” This intelligence made me melancholy. Mrs. Gough hath been my faithful daughter; she never offended me at any time.

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At Perry Hall I preached on Matthew 11:28-30. I was visited by elders Bruce and Snethen. I heard the Reply to Mr. O’Kelly’s Apology,fg65 soft and defensive, and as little offensive as the nature of the case would admit. I was invited to town, with the assurance that there was no danger of the fever; but it was very bad at the Point. Friday evening, 29. I held forth in Light street, on <19B501>Psalm 115:1: “Not unto us, O Lord, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy and for thy truth’s sake.” My improvement was the application to Christians. First, To contemplate mercy and truth in the dealings of God to them in the Gospel. Secondly, That they should disclaim all glory to themselves. Thirdly, How the Jehovah God giveth glory to himself and how we should glorify him. Brother George Robertsfg66 wrote that they were a thousand strong in Baltimore. That there hath been a work in Annapolis is certain: indeed it begins to be more and more general in the towns, and in the country.

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We had a most severe ride, nearly twenty miles, to Daniel Elliott’s.fg67 At St. James’s chapelfg68 God hath begun to pour out his Spirit; and almost generally through Montgomery and Frederick circuits. Wilson Lee is all upon the wing in the work; glory! glory! glory! I will not speak of numbers or particular cases without more accurate information, which in my haste I cannot now obtain; but without doubt, some hundreds in three months have been under awakenings and conversions, upon the western shore, District of Maryland.

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At St. James’s chapel I preached on Psalms 37:39Psalm 37:39, 40; we had an attentive, solemn sitting, and powerful prayer closed the whole. We dined, and rode on five miles to Henry Hobbs’s.fg69 The people heard of us, and ran together in the evening. Brother Whatcoat gave a lively discourse upon these words: “Thy children shall be all taught of God.” We had a very quickening season. Perhaps six hundred souls, in this district and in Baltimore, have been converted since the General Conference. Harford, Baltimore, Calvert, Federal, Montgomery, and Frederick feel the flame. Monday, we hobbled along to Clarkesburg. On the way dined at Joshua Pigman’s. Here I once more saw his brother Ignatius. Art thou he? Ah! But O! how fallen! How changed from what I knew thee once! Lord, what is man, if left to himself! Brother Whatcoat attended the meeting, and the people continued in meeting at Clarkesburg until the morning.

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At the Sugar Loaf, my subject was Luke 10:2-

4, compared with Matthew 13:16, 17, and 1 Peter 1:10-12; we were crowded: in the exhortations, prayers, and singing, the power came down, and the work went on until evening. I then rode to Mr. Morton’s.fg70 VIRGINIA

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We came to Leesburg; some said, go this, and another that way: we made it nearly twenty miles, and were riding six hours, and crossed the Potomac at Conrad’s Ferry. Brother Georgefg71 was preaching: Bishop Whatcoat spoke upon, “He that believeth shall not make haste”; but we had to make haste, after I had ordained S. Welsh and Eskridge Hall to the deacon’s office. After we had dined, we rode twelve, if not fifteen miles, to the widow Rozzell’s: we came in about seven o’clock; and I gave a discourse on 1 Timothy 4:16. We have travelled about one hundred and fifty miles through Maryland; and we have had bad roads, but have met with good people. My soul hath been agonizing for a revival upon the western shore of Maryland for many years, and now the Lord hath sent it.

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We came to Rectortown: most distressing roads for eighteen miles. The gentry had made a dinner at a small distance from the town—a kind of green corn feast, with a roasted animal, cooked and eaten out of doors, under a booth. I was greatly wearied with the ride; but was animated while explaining 2 Corinthians 6:1. I then came to Benjamin Hitt’s. We have penetrated through Loudon and Fauquier counties in two days.

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We stopped at the court house,fg72 and were richly entertained with a breakfast, at Mr. Johnson’s: then we rode on to Norman’s Bridge, and passed another old field-feast, with a race tacked to it. We came to Roger Abbott’s, upon Mountain Creek, in the forks of the Rappahannock river; and on

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to Kobler’s; where many attended from different and distant parts: my text was 2 Timothy 2:15. We pursued our way six miles to the river, and lodged at a widow’s house, whose husband died in the Lord a few years ago. We had an awful Sabbath day’s journey, through part of Culpepper and Louisa; we came to Ferguson’s about half after one o’clock: the people were waiting in the warm sun; the house could not hold them: after a little rest, I cried, Now is the day of salvation. We had a hungry ride for thirty miles.

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We rode to Lastley’s meeting house, eighteen miles: many people were gone to court—consequently, few at meeting; but the Lord was eminently present whilst I enforced Habakkuk 3:2.

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We rode to Rivanna in Fluvanna county: I have seen the hot, warm, sweet, yellow, red, and now have passed the green springs. When we came within six miles of Magruder’s, brother Whatcoat being in the carriage, the hindmost brace gave way: I took hold of a sapling by the road-side, and put it under the body of the carriage, and brother Magruder mounted the horse, and we soon came to his house: that evening the breach was repaired. I took William M’Kendree’s horse, and went on fourteen miles, to Richard Davenport’s, in Amherst; where we were kindly and comfortably entertained.

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We rode twenty miles through heat and over hills, to

North Garden, Tandy Keys, Albemarle county. I was divinely assisted while I opened 2 Timothy 4:2. 1. Preach the word. 2. The application of it; that is, reprove, rebuke, exhort; to time his work; be instant, in season, out of season;—in the morning, noon, and evening of life;—when it is the winter, spring, summer, and autumn of the Church;—in her pleasing and unpleasing prospects.

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We rode to New Glasgow, thirty miles; and were entertained most hospitably at Colonel Meredith’s.

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We rode to Lynchburg, twenty miles. Samuel Mitchellfg73 had dinner provided in town, at Mr. Miller’s for the preachers. I preached in the Mason’s Hall—a warm day and place, on Titus 2:12. We then beat along to Samuel Mitchell’s, three miles of rude roads.

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We rode to New London Academy, sixteen miles, now

under the direction of Samuel K. Jennings, a local preacher of ours: the institution belongeth to the Presbyterians and Episcopalians. R. Whatcoat preached: I was deprived of my rest the last evening, and very unwell; yet I gave a short discourse in exhortation. We have been going at such an unreasonable rate, that I have not had time to put pen to paper for a week together. Good news from the South District of Virginia: brother Jackson writes, “Two hundred souls have been converted this last quarter; there is a revival in all the circuits but two; and great union among the preachers and people.”fg74 I am kept in patience, faith, and love.

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We rode sixteen miles to Liberty, and preached in Bedford court house: I was sick in earnest. When I came up into the crowd, the people gathered around my carriage, as if I had had a cake and cider cart; this sight occasioned a kind of shock, that made me forget my sickness. After alighting, I went immediately to the throng in the court house, and founded a discourse upon Matthew 22:5. What great things the Gospel revealeth to mankind. First, The love of God. Secondly, The sufferings, and death, and merits of Christ. Thirdly, The gifts, extraordinary and ordinary, of the Holy Ghost: men make light of all the blessings of God, and of all the miseries and consequences of sin: they not only think lightly of, but are opposed exceedingly to them; “for the carnal mind is enmity against God,” and the things of God. I admired the attention and solemnity of the people; many of the men standing in and out of the house the whole time. We rode two miles to brother Patterson’s, and dined; and then came on to Blackwell’s to lodge.

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We had a heavy march to Fincastle: I rode nine miles to Mr. Ripley’s; and then gave up the carriage to William M’Kendree, and took his horse, and came in about ten o’clock. My subject here was Isaiah 52:7. First, the Gospel;—good tidings of God, of Christ, of the Spirit of grace, of glory:—by comparing temporal with spiritual things, to restore the dead, the blind, the lame, the dumb, the sick, the poor; publisheth peace with God, with conscience, with all men; good tidings of good; the spreading of the work of God: salvation;—from all our sin, misery, and death. Zion, thy God reigneth;—the glory of Christ’s kingdom. The feet of the messengers, beautiful:—because of their message; their holy walk; their treading the mountains, enduring hardship; their innocence. We made it forty miles from Liberty to Edward Mitchell’s; where we lodged on Monday.

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We began our route for Holston, by English’s Ferry,fg75

through Montgomery county. The first day we came to Mrs. Dialley’s, upon Roanoke, twenty-eight or thirty miles: the river ridges were very rough: Mrs. Dialley received us with great maternal attention and affection: here I was told of my appointment at Raboue’s,fg76 ten miles west, over the mountains. It gave me some grief, but it was too late. I was advised not to go Pepper’s ferry road.

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We passed Montgomery town and court house among

the mountain barrens; we pushed on to Christian’s—they are British people; we had an acceptable rest for a very warm day. We came to the ferry, and lodged at Draper’sfg77 (a very quiet house) that night.

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We came to Wythe court house, a pleasant town of about twenty houses, some neat, and most of them new and painted. We had good accommodations at Mr. Johnson’s—both man and horse needed it.

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We began at six o’clock to bend for Holston: it was computed to be forty miles distant. We came in about the going down of the sun at father Carlock’s, a German. For two days past we found we could not stop to dine; we rested only to feed our horses. After we cleared the mountains we came upon the perpetual hills. I judge we may charge for one hundred and thirty miles from Edward Mitchell’s, in Bottetourt, to Russell’s old place upon Holston. We took Saturday to refit and write; brother Whatcoat attended the meeting. My mind hath been kept in peace; I had enough to do to drive; I could think but little—only now and then sending up a message to heaven.

Sabbath day, 21. We attended at Carlock’s; a very sultry day, and many people were present. My subject was 1 Timothy 6:2-12. It was judged best we should ride ten miles to Scott’s, in order to make Edward Cox’s the next day, to attend at Acuff’s.

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As we came off it began to rain, and that rapidly, with little intermission for two hours; the horsemen were dripping; the roads were so bad that it was with some exertion that I could so shelter myself as not to get wet to the skin in the drowning rain. Monday, we passed Abingdon, which is greatly improved.

TENNESSEE

Breakfasted at Craig’s, and then had a pleasant ride to Cox’s, but it is excessively warm for the country and season. At Acuff’s I talked a little upon coming to the throne of grace. We hasted home with Charles Baker upon Holston. If we have a dry moon and month we may get through the wilderness.

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We rested—man and beast. We have ridden sixty miles

since Sabbath evening. I am not as patient, dependent, and prayerful as I wish to be. Blountville looks very respectable, and they have built a needful and good bridge at the end of the town. We crossed at Charles Baker’s by putting the chaise to two canoes and swimming the horses over Main Holston. The Stubblefield’s were upon the north side, so that we were compelled to work through the woods into the road to Snipe’s Ferry. We came along eight or ten miles where they had made new cuttings; at last we struck into a new road, and strayed three miles out of our way, we then returned back two. Now it was that I felt properly content to leave my felicity, so called, before it came to the wilderness. We made it nearly thirty miles to Ball’s mill; we had no time from six in the morning till seven at night to feed man or beast.

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We rode twenty-one miles to Benjamin Van Pelt’s,fg78 upon Lick Creek; we fed our horses twice, the riders not once! Here I left the horse and carriage, and borrowed a horse to ride to Kentucky. Saturday, rode twenty miles across to Holston quarterly meeting at the Stubble- fields.fg79 I now rode upon horseback, and the rain came on powerfully until we were dripping. I had no cloak but the carriage covering, the rain took shoulders, elbows, and feet; for eight miles it was violent; I had not been so steeped for four years. I washed the wet parts with whisky, and did not take the damage I feared. O thou of little faith, wherefore didst thou doubt? Bishop Whatcoat preached. Our local brethren were loving and lively—brothers Van Pelt, Wells, and Winton.

Sabbath day, 28. We had a good sacramental and speaking time. I preached on Titus 2:14, and brother M’Kendree from Psalms 11:2Psalm 11:2-

6. I was led to recollect the loss of time and difficulty met with from Bottetourt to Holston, one hundred miles; few friends, rough roads, one week lost in riding.

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We began our grand route to Kentucky at eight o’clock. We had to climb the steeps of Clinch about the heat of the day; walk up I could not: I rode, and rested my horse by dismounting at times. We came to Hunt’sfg80 for the first night. Such roads and entertainment I did not ever again expect to see; at least in so short a time.

KENTUCKY

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We came to Davis’sfg81 to breakfast, and at night we slept at Ballinger’s,fg82 upon Cumberland River.

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We came to Logan’sfg83 and fed: this low and new land is scented; I was almost sickened with the smell. We came to the elder of the Panies’s, and lodged.

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We came rapidly to Job Johnson’s, and reached it by riding in the night: now I began to fail.

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We came on to our brother Howard’s. We crossed Kentucky

River at the mouth of Hickman;fg84 it was so low that we forded it with ease. We have travelled in five days one hundred and forty-five miles. I have slept uncomfortably this week.

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I came to Bethel. Bishop Whatcoat and William M’Kendree

preached: I was so dejected I could say little; but weep. Sabbath day it rained, and I kept at home. Here is Bethel; Cokesbury in miniature, eighty by thirty feet, three stories, with a high roof, and finished below. Now we want a fund and an income of three hundred per year to carry it on; without which it will be useless. But it is too distant from public places; its being surrounded by the river Kentucky in part, we now find to be no benefit: thus all our excellencies are turned into defects. Perhaps brother Poythress and myself were as much overseen with this place as Dr. Coke was with the seat of Cokesbury. But all is right that works right, and all is wrong that works wrong, and we must be blamed by men of slender sense for consequences impossible to foresee—for other people’s misconduct. Sabbath day, Monday, and Tuesday, we were shut up in Bethel with the travelling and local ministry and the trustees that could be called together. We ordained fourteen or fifteen local and travelling deacons. It was thought expedient to carry the first design of education into execution, and that we should employ a man of sterling qualifications, to be chosen by and under the direction of a select number of trustees and others, who should obligate themselves to see him paid, and take the profits, if any, arising from the establishment. Dr. Jennings was thought of, talked of, and written to. I visited John Lewis,fg85 who lately had his leg broken; I left him with good resolutions to take care of his soul.

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We rode fifteen miles to Shawnee Run, and crossed

Kentucky River at Curd’s ferryfg86; the river was as low as a stream, and the streams are nearly dried up.

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I preached on Hebrews 3:12-14, at the new house at Shawnee Run. We had rich entertainment for man and beast at Robert Johnson’s.

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We rode to Pleasant Run to John Springer’s: it was a very warm day for the season. I had a running blister at my side, yet I rode and walked thirty-two miles. We refreshed ourselves at Crawford’s tavern upon the way. We have visited Knox, Madison, Mercer, and Washington counties in this state. It was strongly insisted upon by preachers and people that I should say something before I left Bethel; able or unable, willing or unwilling: accordingly, on Tuesday, in the academical hall, I gave a long, temperate talk upon Hebrews 10:38, 39.

Sabbath day, 12. It rained excessively; we were shut up; William M’Kendree met the people. We have had but two Sabbaths to spend in Kentucky, and in both I was prevented by rain.

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We left John Springer’s, and came to Lewis Thomas’s, fifteen miles; a deep, damp, narrow path; the underwood very wet. Crossed Cartwright and Hardin’s Creeks. I gave a short sermon, on, Romans 8:9: “If any man have not the Spirit of Christ he is none of his.” I. How we are to know when we have the Spirit of Christ; by the operations, gifts, consolations, and fruits of the Spirit. II. We are none of his if we are not interested in the offices, if not partakers of the redemption and privileges of Christ. III. That none can be interested in Christ, who are not partakers of the spirit of Jesus.

My system is greatly affected with the weather; but my soul hath abundant consolation in God. It is plain there are not many mighty among the Methodists in Kentucky. In travelling between two and three hundred miles, I have visited six dwellings besides the academy. At Pleasant Run,

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we ordained Joseph Ferguson, and Moses Crame, to the office of deacons.

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We began our march for Cumberland. We were told by two

persons, that we could not cross the Rolling Fork of Salt River; I judged we could, and as I thought, so it was—we forded it with ease. We came up a solitary path east of the level woods, and struck into the road to Lee’s ferry. For ten miles of the latter part of this day’s journey, we rode through barrens of hickory, shrub oak, and hazelnut; thirty miles, if not thirty-five is the amount of this day’s work; in the morning there was a very great damp, and in the afternoon it was, I thought, as warm as the west of Georgia.

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We crossed Green River, the main branch of which riseth

near the Crab Orchard. We crossed at the mouth of Little Barren River.fg87 We then made a bold push for the Great Barren; dining at Mr. Morrison’s,fg88 I could not eat wallet provision, but happily for me I was provided with a little fresh mutton at the house, made warm in a small space. Now we have unfavourable appearances of rain; we had bleak, barren hills to ride; which, although beautiful to sight, were painful to sense. The rain came in large and rapid drops for fourteen miles; we were well soaked on all sides. A little after dark we came to Mr. Hagin’s, upon Big Barren River; a good house, an excellent fire to dry our clothing, good meat and milk for supper, and the cleanest beds; all this we had. I have paid for this route.

TENNESSEE

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We came on to Lucas’s: this poor woman was excessively displeased because I asked her if she prayed with her children. Next day we made thirty-five miles to Sharp’s old place, where we had good entertainment; they charged twenty shillings for men and horses. We thence hasted to Mr. Dickinson’s, on White’s creek.fg89 I waked at four o’clock; ate but little breakfast, and rode twenty-eight miles; the poor men and horses were tired down; we fed the horses upon the path, but had no food for ourselves until we came in. I have thought, as I rode along, that in travelling nearly six hundred measured miles, we have had only six appointments; and at these but small congregations: have we wearied ourselves in vain? Our judgment is with the Lord; I can only say for myself, I have had the Lord’s presence, and great support in soul and body.

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At Parker’s my subject was Colossians 2:6. Brothers M’Gee, Lugg, Jones, and Spier, local preachers, came to meet me: we had a small shout in the camp of Israel.

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I rode to Nashville,fg90 long heard of, but never seen by me until now; some thought the congregation would be small, but I believed it would be large; not less than one thousand people were in and out of the stone churchfg91; which, if floored, ceiled, and glazed, would be a grand house. We had three hours public exercises. Mr. M’Kendree upon, “The wages of sin is death.” Myself on Romans 10:14, 15. Brother Whatcoat on, “When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory.” We returned the same evening, after dining with Mr. M’Kain. I had a feeling sight of my dear old friend Green Hillfg92 and his wife. Who would have thought we should ever meet in this distant land? I had not time, as formerly, to go to their house to eat and sleep. We had a night meeting at Mr. Dickinson’s.

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We came by Mansker’s to Drake’s creekfg93 meeting house, at the close of a sacramental solemnity, that had been held four days by Craighead,fg94 Hodge, Rankin, M’Gee, and Mr. Adair, Presbyterian officiating ministers; we came in, and brother M’Kendree preached upon Jeremiah 4:14; after him brother Whatcoat, upon “We know that we are of God”: I also spoke; my subject was the work of God. Last Sabbath was my birth-day. This will make the thirtieth year of my labours in America.fg95 It is supposed there are one thousand souls present, and double that number heard the word of life on Sunday.

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Yesterday, and especially during the night, were witnessed scenes of deep interest. In the intervals between preaching, the people refreshed themselves and horses and returned upon the ground. The stand was in the open air, embosomed in a wood of lofty beech trees. The ministers of God, Methodists and Presbyterians, united their labours and mingled with the childlike simplicity of primitive times. Fires blazing here and there dispelled the darkness and the shouts of the redeemed captives, and the cries of precious souls struggling into life, broke the silence of midnight. The weather was delightful; as if heaven smiled, whilst mercy flowed in abundant streams of salvation to perishing sinners. We suppose there were at least thirty souls converted at this meeting.fg96 I rejoice that God is visiting the sons of the Puritans, who are candid enough to acknowledge their obligations to the Methodists.

We have passed only two counties in the District of Mero:fg97 quiet Cumberland keeps “the noiseless tenor of his way” through the midst of the settlement; Nashville crowns its lofty bank.

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We had a meeting at Richard Strother’s,fg98 upon a branch of Station Creek, and there were great emotions of tenderness among the people.

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We came to Edward’s. Brother Whatcoat began—I continued upon Matthew 11:28-30. William M’Gee concluded. We lodged with James Douglas.fg99

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We came to Thomas Blackmore’s.fg100 Brother Whatcoat, and brother M’Kendree sermonized; the people were not greatly moved; I concluded with prayer.

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We crossed Cumberland River at Bishop’s ferry.fg101 What a long solitary river is this! It is probably seven hundred miles upon a line; and near one thousand in its meanderings, before it empties its waters into the Ohio, twelve miles above the mouth of the Tennessee. We began our quarterly meeting at Elmour Douglas’s. Brother Whatcoat preached; brothers M’Kendree and M’Gee exhorted. At the evening meeting there were more shouters than converts; nevertheless the Lord was in the midst.

We have ridden but about sixty-six or seventy miles this week. The country is greatly in want of rain: the large streams are much absorbed; and the people grind their grain with horse mills.

I could not be content to leave the settlement without circumstantial account of the work of God; and I therefore desired John M’Gee to give it me; and I purpose to select such accounts annually, and to read them in the large congregations, and then to have them published.

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I attempted but little this day in public, except a class on a portion of the word from 2 Peter 1:16. We forded Cumberland River, and came to John M’Gee’s.fg102 We now began to think seriously upon our march through the wilderness, and providing food and provisions for man and horse—we took our departure.

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We travelled through rich forests of beech, with rank

undergrowth of cane or reed, and arrived at Fort Blount:fg103 thence pursuing our way up Flinn Creek, we took the ridge and reached Mrs. Blackburn’s, where we lodged, and were well accommodated. This day we have ridden thirty-five miles.

We urged on our way, expecting rain, which overtook us about two o’clock at Flat Rock. We pressed on over Drowning Creek, and the sleepy, discoloured waters of Obey River.fg104 About twilight in the barrens we met the Presbyterian ministers, Hall, Montgomery, and Bowman, with whom we rejoiced at the work of God in Cumberland, and then parted. We came on to a place where we found the woods were burning, and finding we had made about forty-five miles we encamped whilst the rain was falling upon us.

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We came to the new station at the Crab Orchard,fg105

where, although the station was not yet put in order, Mr. Sidnor received us politely, and treated us to tea. Here we found a cabin under the direction of the Cherokee nation, on land they claimed as theirs. We journeyed on to Spencer’s Hill, so called because here a man of that name was killed by Indians.fg106 Thence we travelled forward to Prospect Hill and the descent to Cumberland Mountain.fg107 On our route we experienced a heavy rain. Through damps and mud we pushed forward to Clarke’s ferry, upon Clinch, in sight of the fort at South West Point,fg108 at the Junction of Tennessee and Clinch rivers, one hundred miles below the mouth of Powels River. We have travelled nearly seventy miles upon land belonging to the Cherokee nation: the soil is generally barren and broken, except where we enter on Cumberland Mountain and the neighbourhood of the new station. This Indian land cuts the state of Tennessee into two parts, passing nearly through the middle, making an indent upon the state of Kentucky on Yellow Creek. We arrived at Mr. Clark’s,fg109 where we received great entertainment: there was a good fire in the hall, and we were provided with a good dinner, and treated to tea: a fire was also kindled up stairs, at which we dried our clothes; to which may be added excellent lodging in two inner rooms: thus were we within, whilst our horses were feeding to fulness in a grassy valley without. Our kind host rents the land from the Indians at six hundred per annum; himself making the improvements.

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We rode slowly on to Starr’s, twenty-two miles, and had a heavy shower of rain on our way. From Monday morning to Thursday afternoon we have made one hundred and thirty miles; we have experienced no stoppage by water-courses, and have found the roads of the wilderness, their unevenness excepted, pretty good. And here let me record the gracious dealings of God to my soul in this journey: I have had uncommon peace of mind, and spiritual consolations every day, not withstanding the long rides I have endured, and the frequent privations of good water and proper food to which I have been subjected; to me the wilderness and the solitary places were made as the garden of God, and as the presence chambers of the King of kings and Lord of lords.

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I gave a long discourse upon the epistle in the office of ordination for deacons, and ordained John Wintonfg110 in the congregation.

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Came twenty miles to Knoxville,fg111 of which I had

often heard, and which mine eyes now saw. We visited my old friend Greer.fg112

Sabbath day, 2. I preached in the state house on Isaiah 55:6, 7. I was very unwell, but was enabled to bear the heavy cross of public speaking; we had about seven hundred people in and about the house. We came off in haste, intending to make twenty miles that evening; but Francis Alexander Ramsay pursued us to the ferry, franked us over, and took us to his excellent mansion—a stone house: it may not be amiss to mention, that our host has built his house, and takes in his harvest without the aid of whisky.fg113 We were kindly and comfortably entertained.

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We rode up to M’Cleary’s, fourteen miles, where we dined, and pursued our journey to William Blackburn’s.

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Rode twenty miles up Nolachucky to Benjamin Van Pelt’s,fg114 where I had left my horse and chaise. In this neighbourhood the land, except a few spots, is little better than barren; nevertheless, good cultivation will make it productive. From the twenty-seventh of last month, the day on which we left the pleasant mansion of our friend Van Pelt, to the day of our return, we rode, I presume, quite six hundred and sixty if not seven hundred miles. Hitherto the Lord hath helped us. We have had twelve proper appointments; two of which (Sabbath days) were near failing because of rain.

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At Van Town I preached in the new chapel on Luke 4:18.fg115

NORTH CAROLINA

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Crossed Nolachucky at Cureton’s ferry, and came to Major Craig’s, eighteen miles. I next day pursued my journey and arrived at the Warm Springs,fg116 not however without an ugly accident. After we had crossed the Small and Great Paint mountain, and had passed about thirty yards beyond the Paint Rock,fg117 my roan horse, led by Mr. O’Haverfg118 reeled and fell over, taking the chaise with him; I was called back, when I beheld the poor beast and the carriage, bottom up, lodged and wedged against a sapling, which alone prevented them both being precipitated into the river. After a pretty heavy lift all was righted again, and we were pleased to find there was little damage done. Our feelings were excited more for others than ourselves. Not far off we saw clothing spread out, part of the loading of household furniture of a wagon which had overset and was thrown into the stream, and bed-clothes, bedding, &c., were so wet that the poor people found it necessary to dry them on the spot. We passed the side fords of French Broad, and came to Mr. William Nelson’s; our mountain march of twelve miles calmed us down for this day. My company was not agreeable here—there were too many subjects of the two great potentates of this Western World—whisky, brandy. My mind was greatly distressed.

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We started away. The cold was severe upon the fingers. We crossed the ferry, curiously contrived with a rope and poles, for half a mile along the banks of the river, to guide the boat by. And O the rocks! the rocks! Coming to Laurel River, we followed a wagon ahead of us—the wagon stuck fast. Brother O’Haver mounted old gray—the horse fell about midway, but recovered, rose, and went safely through with his burden. We pursued our way rapidly to Ivy Creek,fg119 suffering much from heat and the roughness of the roads, and stopped at William Hunter’s.

Sabbath day, 9. We came to Thomas Foster’s,fg120 and held a small meeting at his house. We must bid farewell to the chaise; this mode of conveyance by no means suits the roads of this wilderness; we are obliged to keep one behind the carriage with a strap to hold by and prevent accidents almost continually. I have health and hard labour, and a constant sense of the favour of God.

Tobias Gibsonfg121 had given notice to some of my being at Buncombe court house, and the society at Killian’s in consequence of this, made an appointment for me on Tuesday, 11. We were strongly importuned to stay, which brother Whatcoat felt inclined to do. In the meantime we had our horses shod by Philip Smith: this man, as is not unfrequently the case in this country, makes wagons and works at carpentry, makes shoes for men and for horses; to which he adds, occasionally, the manufacture of saddles and hats.

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Visited Squire Swain’sfg122 agreeable family. On Tuesday we attended our appointment. My foundation for a sermon was Hebrews 2:1. We had about eighty hearers; among them was Mr. Newton,fg123 a Presbyterian minister, who made the concluding prayer. We took up our journey, and came to Foster’sfg124 upon Swannanoa—company enough, and horses in a drove of thirty-three. Here we met Francis Poythressfg125—sick of Carolina, and in the clouds. I, too, was sick. Next morning we rode to Fletcher’sfg126 on Mud Creek. The people being unexpectedly gathered together, we gave them a sermon and an exhortation. We lodged at Fletcher’s.

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We crossed French Broad at Kim’s Ferry,fg127 forded Mill’s River,fg128 and made upwards through the barrens of Broad to Davidson’s,fg129 whose name names the stream. The aged mother and daughters insisted upon giving notice for a meeting: in consequence thereof Mr. Davis, the Presbyterian minister, and several others, came together. Brother Whatcoat was taken with a bleeding at the nose, so that necessity was laid upon me to lecture: my subject was Luke 11:13.

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We took our leave of French Broad—the lands flat and good, but rather cold. I have had an opportunity of making a tolerably correct survey of this river. It rises in the south-west, and winds along in many meanders, fifty miles north-east, receiving a number of tributary streams in its course; it then inclines westward, passing through Buncombe in North Carolina, and Green and Dandridge counties in Tennessee, in which last it is augmented by the waters of Nolachucky; four miles above Knoxville it forms a junction with the Holston, and their united waters flow along under the name of Tennessee, giving a name to the State.

SOUTH CAROLINA

We had no small labour in getting down Saluda mountain.fg130 Arriving at father Douthet’sfg131 on the south branch of Saluda, where, finding myself quite at home, I had leisure to reflect upon our western visitation. On the 16th of September we set out from Bottetourt in Virginia, and on the 14th of November we were in North Carolina, at the foot of the grand mountain division of South Carolina. In this time I presume we have travelled one thousand miles, have had about twenty appointments, not many of which were large; have lodged about twenty nights under strange roofs, or at houses of entertainment; and have expended about fifty dollars.

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Yesterday we rested at father John Douthet’s; he is settled in a cove in the midst of the mountains, upon the south branch of the Saluda. Brother Whatcoat made a discourse on Matthew 3:10. The computation is, that from Charleston to the western line of this State it is two hundred and seventy-five miles; but from the centre-house it is nearer four hundred miles.

My mind is led out for the interest of the Southern and Western conferences: these are quite enough contiguous to enable the preachers to change with each other, but such is the sickly state of the South, in both senses, that we shall probably be under the necessity of locating five or six of our spiritual labourers.

To-day I gave a sermon founded upon <19E608>Psalm 146:8, 9, and felt engaged, if the people were not.

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We came fifteen miles to Samuel Burdine’s,fg132 Pendleton county. Here were many wandering people. Brother Whatcoat preached. We administered the Lord’s supper. I was very much indisposed, and felt dejection of spirits. Our sister Burdine professeth to have known the Lord twenty years; in her you see meekness, gentleness, patience, and pure love—and cleanliness.

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We came to John Wilson’s;fg133 I gave a discourse on

Acts 2:17, 18; my mind was divinely elevated, but the people did not appear to feel. Yesterday and to-day I am disciplined by keen pain in my breast. To-day Benjamin Blantonfg134 met me: he is now a married man; like others of his Southern brethren, after he has faithfully served the connexion about ten years, he talks of locating.

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At the Grove.fg135 We were lost an hour in the woods at

setting out, and terribly bewildered in our way to the meeting house; the day was cold, and a beautiful snow lay on the ground. During the public exercises the people felt as at the reading and preaching of Ezra. Brother Whatcoat improved with light and life upon Colossians 1:21-23. Through twelve miles of cold and snow we journeyed to Thomas Terry’s.fg136 Our host was from Gisborough, in Yorkshire; he made us welcome, and gave us dinner about six o’clock. Here I hauled up the chaise—the pleasure of riding in it does not compensate for the trouble and difficulty of getting it along.

As there were few appointments in this State, and as brother Benjamin Blanton agreed to fill them, I thought fit to accompany brother Whatcoat who was under the necessity of going to fill appointments made for him in Georgia.

We have travelled about forty miles since we left father Douthet’s near the Table mountain, which on a clear day is a grand sight; the stool appears like a great house of freestone; to-day we only saw it through a mist dimly. At the Cove there are but few religious people, and among these few there are disorderly walkers. The Northern rivers, I presume, begin to close for the winter, which, I judge, will be a severe one. On Friday I rested and wrote.

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Rode twenty miles to James Powell’s,fg137 upon Walnut

Creek, Lauren’s county.

Sabbath day, 23, was an extraordinary cold day at King’s chapel.fg138 I began reading at eleven o’clock, and occupied the pulpit one hour and twenty minutes; brother Whatcoat followed for fifty minutes, and brother Blanton succeeded him; to this followed the sacrament—making the public exercises four hours (or thereabouts) of continuance, in a very open building. It may not be amiss to mention that this house for the worship of God was named after James King, who died a martyr to the yellow fever in Charleston. We lodged for the night at W. Powell’s. Next day we crossed Main Saluda at Pension’s ford,fg139 and rode twelve miles to George Connor’s, upon Silvador’s Purchase.fg140

I had thought our address would move their majesties and the peers of Charleston. Report says they have pumped poor George Dougherty until they had almost deprived him of breath; and John Harper committed the address to the flames before the intendant of the city: I have seen his apology for receiving them.fg141

At George Connor’s we had an evening meeting, and considering the coldness of the night, and the shortness of the notice, it was well attended. Brother Whatcoat preached.

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We rode to Nathaniel Burdine’sfg142—ancient Methodists, who have a son in the ministry.

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We came to Hugh Porter’s, at the New Design.fg143 Here we called a meeting in the evening; brother Whatcoat spoke—I spoke after him.

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Sick and weary, we arrived at Daniel Baugh’s, whither we were conducted by Mr. Hennington, having lost our way in the woods.

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At Butler’s meeting house,fg144 fifteen miles—no notice; we therefore pushed on to Captain Carter’sfg145; here the girls hasted to call the people to meeting. Brother Whatcoat preached on Ezekiel 33:2. In this neighbourhood the sad apostasy of two professed preachers, and of one or two private members, hath brought reproach on the cause of God and Methodism.

GEORGIA

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Came twelve miles through deep sands to Augusta. We have

travelled nearly one hundred miles since last Sabbath day: my soul hath been kept in great peace; but I feel the effects of riding a stiff, aged, falling horse, with a sore back, and my saddle is old and worn.

We have a foundation and a frame prepared for erecting, in a day or two, a house for public worship, two stories high, sixty by forty feet; for this we are indebted to the favour of Heaven and the agency of Stith Mead;fg146 and what is better, here is a small society.

Augusta is decidedly one of the most level and beautiful spots for a town I have yet seen:fg147 it is of ample extent in its plan, well begun, and when their intention shall be fulfilled of building a court house, a college, episcopal churches for Methodists and others, it will do credit to its founders and inhabitants.

Sabbath day, 30. Brother Whatcoat preached a most excellent sermon at Mr. Fary’s dwelling house upon Ephraim’s lamentation. In the afternoon I preached in the church.fg148 We thought to have joined the congregations together, but others thought differently. We had the honour of the priest’s company, and few of his people attended.fg149

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We came to Thomas Hayne’s, upon Uchee Creek,

Columbia county. Brother Whatcoat preached upon Galatians 2:20. I came off with a close exhortation.

On the following Tuesday and Wednesday we held a quarterly meeting at White Oak. Brother Whatcoat first officiated. I followed him. We had very cold weather, an open house, and few hearers. We then rode to Joseph Scott’s eight miles, through damp, rainy weather. Our host, his children, and grandchildren will, we hope, if they continue faithful, receive the crown of life.

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I rode, my mind cloudy, and my body cold, to Thomas Grant’s, twenty-four miles.

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I humbled my soul before God. To-day I have been occupied in correcting a transcript of my journal, that one had copied for me, who did not well understand my shorthand. The original was written in my great illness, very imperfectly; but when I reflect on my situation at that time, I wonder that it is as well as it is.

Sabbath day, 7. Yesterday and to-day we have quarterly meeting at Coke’s chapel, near Washington. Brother Whatcoat preached the first day from Hebrews 6:4-6. I, in my place, gave some account of the work of God, as it had been reported to me during this year. On Sabbath morning we had a quickening season at the sacrament. My subject was Hebrews 12:25: “See that ye refuse not him that speaketh.” By introduction—The likeness between Christ and Moses in their persons, offices, ministry, and punishment of the disobedient. In doctrine: I. How Christ, speaking by his Gospel, his ministers, Spirit, and miracles of grace. II. That sinners, seekers, saints, and backsliders ought to see to it, that they “refuse not him that speaketh.” Lastly: the awful consequences of refusing. Brothers Whatcoat and Hope Hull exhorted; the latter began to feel like his former self. Upon the whole, it was a good meeting, and we humbly hope that good was done. After meeting we were obliged to ride six miles, through the rain, to Thomas Grant’s.

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We crossed Little River, and went forward twelve miles, to Thomas Fountain’s, in Warren county. We have ridden about ninety miles since Monday week.

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We came to Abraham Heath’s meeting house upon Long

Creek, Warren county. We arrived during the sitting of the court, and had but a small congregation. Brother Whatcoat being unwell, I filled his place. My subject was Hebrews 10:31: “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God.” First, The character of those people who expose themselves to the danger of falling “into the hands of the living God”— such as are described in verses 26 and 29 of the same chapter. Secondly, The character of those, the contrast of the former, who will escape his avenging hand. These do not as the others do. They also attend to the precepts contained in verses 25, 32, 35, 36, and 39. Thirdly, “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God,”—that is, to fear and feel the wrath of God forever, having no interest in Christ, and no advocate with the Father, but exposed to infinite justice, and all the threatened wrath of the Almighty.

We crossed Ogeechee at Thweat’s bridge, and came to Powelton,fg150 a new establishment, in which there is a Baptist meeting house, formerly occupied by Silas Mercer. He is now gone to eternity, but his son filleth his place.

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We came to Edmund Butler’s in Hancock county. The

people had thrown down the old, but had not yet finished their new meeting house.fg151 I was therefore under the necessity of standing bareheaded in the open woods, on a very cold day. As I travelled so much, this was thought a light thing for a man like me. Moses Black,fg152 after this, brought the people to the dwelling house. We rode home with Alexander King,fg153 a brother to the preacher who ended a short but honourable life in the ministry of the Gospel.

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We were at Burke’s meeting house; after which we came

dripping to A. Gilmore’s. Here brother Whatcoat preached. After which I gave a few words of exhortation, and we then pushed on to William Greaves’s. We have lately crossed the chief branches of the Ogeechee and Little rivers.

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Cold as it was we made as far as Thomas Dunn’s; and here I gave a short discourse on 2 Timothy 4:6, 7. We left Dunn’s in haste, and continued on twelve miles farther to the widow Hill’s, on Long Creek. These last appointments were in Oglethorpe county. They will be the best judges of the severity of the cold, who have ridden seventeen miles before dinner. I met brother Milligan,fg154 at brother Dunn’s, and should have been pleased to stay there with him, but the situation of his wife subjected us to the risk of being disturbed and driven from our warm lodging at midnight. We have ridden about sixty miles in four days.

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We came to Mark’s meeting house;fg155 brother Whatcoat filled the pulpit.

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We had sacrament and sermon: my subject was Matthew 17:5: “This is my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased; hear ye him.” Introduction. These words were in part spoken at his baptism; see Matthew 3:17; Mark 1:2; Luke 3:22: that there were three witnesses present to hear, and four had recorded it; to wit, Matthew, Mark, Luke, and Peter. First, the Divine Father acknowledged the sacred and mysterious union—”This is my beloved Son”: a relation infinitely above that of angels, of Adam in his primeval standing, and the souls of any regenerated sanctified, or glorified soul, on earth or in heaven—co-equal, co-eternal, and co-essential with the Father. “Well-pleased!”—that is, in the whole of man’s redemption by this “beloved Son”: “well-pleased”—in his preaching, living, dying—in every part of his official character. “Hear ye him”—Mark and Luke have omitted ye. Secondly, The particular characters who should hear him in his word, Spirit, and operations. His ministers should hear him—this was designed in the text, by ye: hear him all his sanctified souls; hear him all who are justified; hear him all ye seekers; hear him all ye sinners—hear his awful warnings: all ye backsliders, hear him as Peter heard him, and repent, and turn to him; hear him ye apostates, as Judas, and despair.

We must needs go to the house after preaching, and dine; then we had to cross Broad River, and pierce through the woods, scratch and go in the by-paths—wind round the plantations—creep across the newly cleared ground by clambering over trees, boughs, and fence rails. Thus we made our way fifteen miles to Charles Tait’s,fg156 in Elbert county.

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We got over Savannah river at Robert Martin’s ferry, a few miles above Petersburg.fg157 Here I called upon a family I had often visited in Virginia. I found the parents had grown old, and that they had lost some of their children.

SOUTH CAROLINA

We came onward into Abbeville county, and hastened to John Brunner’sfg158 near the court house; making a ride of thirty miles for the day.

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We proceeded to Silvador’s Purchase, twelve miles, to hold quarterly meeting for Bush River circuit, at a meeting house near George Connor’s.fg159

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I attended quarterly meeting. My subject was Philip. 1:27. We spent four hours in the private and public meeting; a number of white and black children were to be baptized, and probably there were persons who thought it would be better done by a bishop. After meeting we had a fifteen miles’ ride, part of it in the night, crossing Saluda at Child’s ferry, wishing to get to John Weeks’s,fg160 in Lauren’s county. Abbeville is a large county, stretching from river to river, and holds better lands than any other in the State. Although Bush River circuit extends through it, there are few Methodists; the most populous settlements being composed of Presbyterians.

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At John Weeks’s, brother Whatcoat sermonized upon Galatians 6:15.

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It rained. After it had holden up, we rode thirty miles to Benjamin Herndon’s,fg161 upon the waters of Enoree.

Saturday and Sunday, 20, 21. Held quarterly meeting. Brother Whatcoat spoke from 1 Thessalonians 3:8; a very profitable improvement. On Sabbath day my choice was Acts 3:22, 23. We continued about six hours at Mount Bethel. I saw one of the members of the General Assembly of South Carolina, who informed me that our address from the General Conference had been read and reprobated; and furthermore, that it had been the occasion of producing a law which prohibited a minister’s attempting to instruct any number of blacks with the doors shut; and authorizing a peace officer to break open the door in such cases, and disperse or whip the offenders. But more of this law when I see it.

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We rode to Thomas Hardy’s, in the forks of Enoree and Tyger riversfg162—nine miles.

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At Beauford’s meeting house, brother Whatcoat performed upon Philip. 3:14. We went forward twelve miles to Mr. Glenn’sfg163 at Broad River.

I have had heartfelt sorrow for the Church of God in Philadelphia. No city upon our continent has been more oppressed by divisions in Christian societies: witness the Episcopalians, Presbyterians, German and English, Quakers, Baptists, Scotch Presbyterians, Roman Catholics—and now the Methodists: I have written on this subject to three official characters.

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I gave a sermon upon 2 Peter 1:4, at Glenn’s

chapel,fg164 near Broad River: we had an open season and many hearers. At Glenn’s Flat, Chester county, Sealley’s meeting house,fg165 we kept our Christmas. Brother Whatcoat preached on, “The Son of God was manifested to destroy the works of the devil.”

My subject was, “Glory to God in the highest; and on earth peace, good will towards men.”

We lodged at Robert Walker’s, eighty years of age, awakened under Mr. Whitefield in Fogg’s Manor—re-awakened at Pipe Creek, and a member of the first Methodist Society in Maryland: he is now living upon Sandy River, South Carolina.fg166

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We travelled a barren path, and came to Alexander Carter’s upon Fishing Creekfg167—a journey of about thirty miles, without food for man or beast, and the weather warm to great excess: after our arrival we had a night meeting.

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After waiting the leisure of the boatmen, we crossed

Catabaw at Wade’s ferry, and came three miles to a meeting house at Camp Creek,fg168 to attend quarterly meeting for Santee and Catabaw circuits. We lodged at John Grymast’s, a Methodist, and originally from Ireland.

Sabbath day, 28. Damp morning. I gave a discourse on Ephesians 6:10. Our lodging was at Johnson’s.fg169

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We stopped at Georgetown, at Marlow’s.fg170 Brother

Whatcoat preached upon, “Thou wilt keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on thee; because he trusteth in thee.” We made eighteen miles’ progress this day, and put up with John Horton upon Hanging Rock River.

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Came to Camden. I have received several letters from the North: they bring small consolation—”While he was yet speaking there came also another”—murmurs—complaints of partiality—and with this I may console myself in the midst of unremitted and hard travelling and labour. I was presented with a petition from about eighty male members of the society in the city of brotherly love, entreating me to do what I had no intention of doing—that was, to remove brother Everettfg171 from the city: how, indeed, was this to be done? He and they had acquitted M. Manly of all the charges brought against him, and restored him to membership; the presiding elder had also restored to office three or four elders who had been put out for murmurings and mischiefs, and had ejected the elder stationed in the city, and had filled his place by another—and they had great congregations, great shoutings; and God was with them, and nearly one hundred had joined society. To all this what can we do but say, “Well done, good and faithful servant” and servants! Poor bishop! no money for my expenses. I am afflicted—my life threatened on the one hand, my brethren discontented on the other: true, I received from them a petition dipped in oil and honey; and if I approve, all will be well; but if not, drawn swords may be feared.

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