Section 8: Irregular Verbs
SECTION VIII.
OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
1. Possum, volo, nolo, malo, edo, fio, fero, and feror, are conjugated thus: —
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
Singular. Plural.
I am able, etc.
Possum, potes, potest; possumus, potestis, possunt. Vo/o, vis, vult; volumus, vultis, volunt.
Nolo, nonvis, nonvult; nolumus, nonvultis, nolunt. Malo, mavis, mavult; malumus, mavultis, malunt. Edo, edis, or es, edit, or est; edimus, editis, or estis, edunt. Fio, fis, fit; fimus, fitis, fiunt.
Fero, fers, fert; ferimus, fertis, ferunt. Feror, ferris, or ferre, fertur; ferimur, ferimini, feruntur Preterimperfect.
I was able, etc.
Pot-eram, -eras, -erat; -eramus, -eratis, -erant. Vol-ebam, -ebas, -ebat; -ebamus, -ebatis, -ebant. Nol-ebam,
Mal-ebam,
Ed-ebam,
Fi-ebam,
Fer-ebam,
Fereb-ar, -aris, or -are, -atur; -amur, -amini,-antur. Preterperfect.
I have been able, etc.
Potu-i, -isti, -it; -imus, -istis, -erunt, Volu-i, or -ere
Nolu-i,
Malu-i,
Ed-i,
Tul-i,
Fact-us sum, -us es, -us est, -i sumus, -i estis, -i sunt, or or or or or or
fui, fuisti, fuit; fuimus, fuistis, fuerunt, Lat-us, or fuere.
Preterpluperfect.
Singular. Plural.
I had been able, tc.
Potue-ram, -ras, -rat; -ramus, -ratis, -rant. Volue-ram;
Nolue-ram,
Malue-ram,
Ede-ram,
Tule-ram,
Fact-us eram, -us eras, -us erat, -i eramus,-i eratis,-i erant, or or or or or or
fueram, fueras, fuerat; fueramus, fueratis, fuerant. Lat-us,
Future.
I shall or will be able, etc.
Pot-ero, -eris, -erit; -erimus, -eritis, -erunt. Vol-am, -es, -et; -emus, -etis, -ent.
Nol-am,
Mal-am,
Ed-am,
Fi-am,
Fer-am,
Fer-ar, -eris or-ere, -etur; -emur, -emini, -entur. IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Present.
Singular. Plural.
Be thou unwilling; be ye unwilling.
Noli, nolito; nolite, nolitote.
Eat thou; let him eat; let us eat; eat ye; let them eat. Ed-e,-ito; -at,-ito; -amus, -ite,-itote; -ant,-unto. es, esto; esto; -este, estote;
Fito; fiat,fito; fiamus, fite, fitote, fiant, fiunto. Fer, ferto; ferat, ferto; fer-amus; -te,-tote; -ant,-unto. Fer-re, -tor; -atur,-tor; -amur; -imini,-iminor; -antur,untor. POTENTIAL MOOD.
Present.
Singular. Plural.
I may be able, etc.
Poss-im, -is, -it; -imus, -itis, -int.
Vel-in, -is, -it, -imus, -itis, -int.
Nol-im,
Mal-im,
Ed-am, -as, -at; -amus, -atis, -ant.
Fi-arn,
Fer-am,
Fer-ar, -aris or-are, -atur; -amur, -amini,-antur. Preterimperfect.
I might be able, etc.
Poss-em, -es, -et; -emus, -etis, -ent.
Vell-em,
Noll-em,
Mall-em,
Eder-em, or ess-em,
Fier-em
Ferr-em,
Ferr-em; -eris, or ere, -etur; -emur, -emini, -entur. Preterperfect.
I may have been able, etc.
Potue-rim, -ris, -rit; -rimus, -ritis, -rint. Volue-rim,
Nolue-rim,
Malue-rim,
Ede-rim,
Tule-rim,
Fact-us sim, -us sis, -us sit, -i simus, -i sitis, -i sint, or or or or or or
fuerim, fueris, fuerit; fuerimus, fueritis, fuerint. Lat-us,
Preterpluperfect.
I might have been able, etc.
Potu-issen, -isses, -isset; -issemus, -issetis, -issent. Volu-issem,
Nolu-issem,
Malu-issem,
Ed-issem,
Tul-issem,
Fact-us essem, -us esses, -us esset, -i essemus, i essetis,-i essent or or or or or or
fuissem, fuisses, fuisset; fuissemus, fuisseitis, fuissent. Lat-us,
Future.
I shall have been able, etc.
Potu-ero, -eris, -erit, -erimus, -eritis, -erint. Volu-ero,
Nolu-ero,
Malu-ero,
Ed-ero,
Tul-ero,
Fact-us ero, -us eris, -us erit, -i erimus, -i eritis, -i erunt, or or or or or or
fuero, fueris, fuerit; fuerimus, fueritis, fuerint. Lat-us,
INFINlTIVE MOOD.
Present and Preterimperfect.
Posse, to be able. Velle, to be willing.
Nolle, to be unwilling. Malle, to be more willing. Edere, or esse, to eat. Ferre, to bear, or suffer. Fieri, to be made, or done. Ferri, to be born, or suffered. Preterperfect and Preterpluperfect.
Potuisse, to have been able.
Voluisse, to have been willing.
Noluisse, to have been unwilling.
Maluisse, to have been more willing.
Edisse, to have eaten.
Tulisse, to have born, or suffered.
Factum esse or fuisse, to have been made, or done. Latum esse or fuisse, to have been born, or suffered. Future.
Esurum esse, to be about to eat.
Laturum esse, to be about to bear, or suffer. Factum iri, or faciendum esse, to be about to be made, or done. Latum iri, or ferendum esse, to be about to be born, or suffered. INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present.
Singular. Plural.
Eo, I go, is, it; Imus, itis, eunt.
Preterimperfect.
Ibam, I went, ibas, ibat; Ibamus, ibatis, ibant. Future.
Ibo, I shall or will go, ibis, ibit; Ibimus, ibitis, iount. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD.
Present.
Eam, I rnay go, eas, eat; Eamus, eatis, eant. INFINITIVE MOOD.
Ire, to go.
2. Some Verbs are Defective, being only used in some Tenses or Persons.
3. Such are aio, inquam, fore, ausim, faxim, ave, vale, salve, quaeso, and cedo.
Pres. Indic. Aio, ais, ait. Plu. Aiunt.
Imperf. Aiebam, aiebas, aiebat. Plu. Aieb-amus, -atis,-ant. Imperative, ai. Pres. Subjunctive. Aias, aiat. Plu. Aiamus, aiant. Participle. Pres. Aiens. Pres. Indic. Inquio or inquam, inquis, inquit. Plu. Inquimus, inquiunt. Preterperf. Inquisti, inquit.
Future. Inquies, inquiet.
Imperative. lnque, inquito.
Pres. Subjunctive. Inquiat. Part. Inquiens. Pres. Subjunctive. Ausim, ausis, ausit. Plu. Ausint. Future. Fazo or faxim, faxis,,faxit. Plu. Faxint. Imperf. Subjunctive. Forem, fores, foret. Plu. Forent. Infin. Fore. Cepi, odi, I hate, }
novi, memini, } eram, erim, issem, ero, isse; & memento, mementote. }
4. These four last have the signification both of Present and Perfect. Imperf. Cedo. Plu. Cedite.
Pres. Indic. Quaeso. Plu. Quaesumus.
Pres. Indic. Salvebis. Imperf. Salve, salveto. Plu. Salvete, salvetote. Infin. Salvere.
5. For dice, duce, face, fere, we say, dic, duc, fac, fer.
6. Some Verbs are used in theThird Person Singular without any Nominative Case going before them. These are called Impersonal Verbs; as, pluit, it rains.