Section 9: Advs, Preps, Conjs.

SECTION IX.

OF ADVERBS, PREPOSITIONS, AND CONJUNCTIONS.

1. AN Adverb is a sort of word which is added to a Verb, to perfect, explain, or enlarge its sense.

2. Adverbs are compared like Nouns Adjective.

3. The Comparative in Adverbs is the same with the Neuter Gender of the Comparative Adjective; as, apte, aptius.

4. The Superlative in Adverbs is the same with the Masculine Vocative of the Superlative Adjective; as, chare, charisime.

5. Adverbs of Time, Place, and Quantity govern a Genitive Case; as, satis vini.

6. Among these may be reckoned those words expressing some sudden passion, which are commonly called Interjections.

7. Hei and vae govern a Dative; heu, a Nominative, Dative, or Accusative; en,ecce, apage, and cedo, an Accusative; O, a Nominative, Accusative or Vocative.

8. Ah, vah, hem, proh, govern an Accusative or Vocative.

9. A Preposition is a sort of word which is commonly set before another, or compunded with it; as, I go to London.

10. Thirty-three Prepositions govern an Accusative Case; ad, to; adversum, adversus, against; ante, before; apud, at; circa, circum, circiter, about; cis, citra, on this side; clanculum, unknown to; contra, against; erga, towards; extra, without; infra, beneath; inter, between; intra, within; juxta, near; ob, because of; secundum, according to; secus, by; supra, above; trans, over; ultra, beyond; versus, towards; usque, to.

11. Fifteen govern an Ablative: a, ab, abs, from; absque, without; clam, unknown to; coram, before; cum, with; de, e, ex, of; palam, in the presence of; prae, before; pro, for; sine, without; tenus, up to. A and e are set before words beginning with Consonants; ab and ex, before words beginning with Vowels.

12. Tenus also governs a Genitive Plural, and is commonly put after its Case; as are also usque, penes, and versus; as, aurium, tenus, me penes; and cum is put after me, te, se, nobis, vobis, qui; as mecum, with me.

13. In, in governs an Ablative; in, against, amongst, for, into, towards, an Accusative.

In, in, after words expressing faith or believing, governs an Accusative.

14. Sub, subter, under, govern an Ablative; sum, about, an Accusative; sub, about, an Accusative; as do sub and subter, implying motion.

15. Super, above, beside, governs an Accusative; super, concerning an Ablative.

16. A Preposition compounded governs the same case as it did before; as, Italia regem avertere.

17. Am, di, dis, re, se, con, are found only in Compunds.

18. Prepositions, when compounded, often change a letter; as aufero, affigo, allego, for abfero, adfigo, adlego.

19. Often they drop one or more letters; as, omitto, trano, for obmitto, transno.

20. Often they are doubled; as, deperdo, recolligo.

21. A Conjunction is a sort of word which joins words or sentences together.

22. The most common Conjuctions are, et, and; vel, or; ne, neque, neither.

23. Conjunctions have comonly the same Cases, Moods, and Tenses, before and after them.

24. Que, ve, and ne, asking a question, are always joined to the preceeding word; as, visne legere?

25. Autem, vero, but; enim, for; quidem, indeed; quoque, also, are never; igitur, therefore; tamen, yet, are seldom, the first word in a sentence.

26. Quod, that; quum, when; ut, as, govern an Indicative; ut, that; quum, seeing that, a Subjunctive Mood.