Section 11: Irregular Verbs

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SECTION XI.
OF IRREGULAR VERBS.
1. Of Verbs in umi.
1. A VERB in umi is formed either from a Verb in uw, by changing w into
mi, as, ζεύγνυμι from ζευγνύω, or from a Contract Verb, by turning w
into nnumi as, κεράννυμι from κεράω, κορέννυμι from κορέω.
2. The Imperfect Tense, as above, turns mi into un as, ζεύγνυμι,
ἐζεύγνυν: The other Tenses are wanting, unless such as are borrowed
from the original Verb; as, ζεύγνυμι, ζεύξω, ἐζευξα, ἐζευγον, from
ζεύγω κεράννυμι, κεράσω, etc., from κεράω.
3. They want the Subjucntive Mood.
4. When the Present Tense is of two syllables, it has the Second Indefinite;
as, ἐδυν, δῦθι, δῦναι, δὺς, from δῦμι.
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. S. δείκν-umi uv usi
D. uton uton
P. umen ute ῦσι
Imperf. S. ἐδείκν-un uv u
D. uton ύτην
P. umen ute usan
Imper. δείκνυθι. Infin. δικνῦναι. Part. δεικνύς

PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE.
Pres. S. δείκν-umai usai utai
D. ύμεθον usqon usqon
P. ύμεθα usqe untai
Imperf. S. ejdeikn-ύμην uso uto
D. ύμεθον usqon ύσθην
P. ύμεθα usqe unto
Imper. δείκνυτο. Infin. δέκνυσθαι. Part. δεικνύμενος
2. Of Verbs in skw.
1. VERBS in skw are very like Verbs in mi, being derived also from Verbs
in άω, έω, όω, and ύω, by putting sk before w as, γηράσκω, from γηράω.
2. Their peculiar Tenses are likewise the Present and Preterimperfect; for
they form the rest from their primitive Verb; as,
γηράσκω, (from γηράω,) γηράσω, γεγήρακα.
ἀρέσκω, (from ἀρέω,) ἀρέσω, ἠρεκα.
βόσκω, (from βόω,) βόσω, βέβοκα.
μεθύσκω, (from μεθύω,) μεθύσω, μεμέθυκα.
3. But many in their particular Tenses require a reduplication; as,
διδράσκω, from δράω.
4. Some change their last but one a and e into h as, θήνσκω from θνάω,
ἀλδήσκω from ἀλδέω and some o into w as, βρώσκω, from βρόω.

5. The Second Indefinite of Verbs derived form όω, if not wanting, is
formed like ἐδων from δίδωμι as, ἁλίσκω, ἡλων βρώσκω, ἐβρων
γινώσκω, ἐγνων.
6. Under the name of Defectives are generally comprehended such other
Verbs as are not declined farther than their Preterimperfect Tense, but
borrow the rest of their Tenses from Verbs whose root is obsolete.
7. The more usual are these: —
ἀγαμαι from ἀγάζομαι ἐρχομαι from ἐλεύθω
ἀγνυμι ἀγω ἐρομαι ἐρέομαι
αἰσθάνομαι αἰσθέομαι zwnn-ύω umi ζόω
ἀλέξω ἀλεξέω ἐθέλω θελέω
ἁλίσκομαι aJl-όω ἱκνέομαι ἱκομαι
ἁμαρτάνω άμαρτέω λανθάνω λήθω
ἀπεχθάνομαι ἀπεχθέομαι μανθάνω μαθέω
αὐξάνω αὐξέω μιμνήσκω μνάομαι
ἀχθομαι ἀχθέομα. μάχομαι μαχέομαι
βαίνω βάω mignu>-w umi μίγω
βλασάνω βλασέω οἰχομαι οἰχέομαι
βούλομαι βουλέομαι οἰμαι οἰέομαι
γίνομαι γενάομαι ojllu>-w umi ὀλέω
γινώσκω γνόω ojmn-ύω umi ὀμόω
δαίω δαέω phgn-ύω umi πήγω
δάκνω δήκω πίνω πόω
δέομαι δεέομαι πυνθάνομαι πεύθομαι
διδάσκω διδάχω rJwnn-ύω umi ῥόω
δοκέω δόκω σπένδω σπείδω
δύναμαι δυνάομαι strwnn-ύω umi στρόω
εἰπα ἐπω τανύω τάω
ἐλαύνω ἐλάω φθάνω φθάω
8. More irregular still are these that follow: — ’Ανοίγω, ἀνοίξω,
ἀνέῳχα, etc.; Perf. M. ἀνέῳγα, Indef. 1. ἠνοιχα, or ἀνέῳξα. — Βάλλω,
balw~, βέβληκα, etc. — Γαμέω, Indef. 1. ἐγημα. — Εἰδω, εἰσω, and
εἰδήσω, εἰδηκα Infin. Perf. εἰδέναι, Part. εἰδως, Indef. 2. εἰδον, or
ἰδον, Perf. M. οἰδα. — ]Ecw, ἑξω, or σχήσω, ἐσχηκα Imperf. εἰχον,
Indef. 2. ἐσχον. — Θάπτω, θάψω, τέταφα, τέταμμαι Indef. 1. ἐτάφθην,
Fut. 1. ταφθήσομαι. — Θνήσκω, θανοῦμαι, τέθνηκα Indef. 2. ἐθανον.

— Κάμνω, καμοῦμαι, κέκμηκα. — Λαγχάνω, κληρώσομαι, εἰληχα
Indef. 2. ἐλαχον, Perf. M. λέλογχα. — λαμβάνω, λήψομαι, εἰληθα
Indef. 2. ἐλαβον. — ˚Οράω, ὀψομαι, ἑώρακα. — Πάσχω, πείσομαι
Indef. 2. ἐπαθον, Perf. M. πέπονθα.
9. A Verb Compound follows the forms of Simple Verbs; as, oJdopoi-έω,
ήσω, ὡδοποίηκα.
10. A Verb compounded with a Preposition retains the Augment of the
simple verb; as, περιποιέω, περιπεποίηκα.
11. But the final vowel of the Preposition is cut off when the Verb begins
with a vowel also; as, παράγω, παρῆγον ἀπογράφω, ἀπέγραφον.
12. Except peri< and pro> as, περιάγω, περιῆγον προάγω, προῆγον.
13. R is doubled after a vowel, when the Verb is either compounded or
augmented; as, ῥέω, ἀποῤῥέω ῥίπτω, ἐῤῥιπτον.