1 Chronicles · Chapter 28

V. 1. And David assembled, &c.-A great deal of business David had done in his day. And the nearer he comes to his end, the more busy he is, still endeavouring to do his work with all his might. He is now recovered from the weakness mentioned 1 Kings 1:1. He therefore improves his recovery, as giving him an opportunity of doing God and his country a little more service.

Verse 1. David assembled] This refers to the persons whose names and offices we have seen in the preceding chapter.

Verse 1. David assembled all the princes, &c. — A great deal of business David had done in his day, and had served his generation according to the will of God. But now the time draws nigh that he must die, and the nearer he comes to his end, the more busy he is, and does his work with all his might. He is now recovered from the weakness, mentioned 1 Kings 1:1. He therefore improves his recovery, as giving him an opportunity of doing God and his country a little more service.

V. 2. Stood-Out of reverence to God and respect to this great and honourable assembly. Brethren-So he calls the princes and chief rulers, both because they had a share with him, though under him in the government; and in compliance with the Divine command, that the king should not be lifted up above his brethren; Deuteronomy 17:20. Of rest-A place where it might be fixed, and no more removed from place to place, as it had been. Foot-stool-An house for the ark is here styled an house for the foot-stool of our God. Heaven is his throne: the earth and the most magnificent temples thereon are but his foot-stool. So much difference is there between the manifestations of his glory, in the upper and in the lower world!

Verse 2. David-stood up upon his feet] He was now very old, and chiefly confined to his bed, (see 1 Kings 1:47;) and while he was addressing his son Solomon, he continued on the bed; but when all the principal nobles of his kingdom came before him he received strength to arise and address them, standing on his feet.

Verse 2. Then the king stood up upon his feet — Out of reverence to God, and respect to this great and honourable assembly. And said, Hear me, my brethren — So he calls the princes and chief rulers, both because they had a share with him, though under him, in the government; and in compliance with the divine command, that the king should not be lifted up above his brethren, Deuteronomy 17:20. A house of rest — A place where it might be fixed, and no more removed from place to place, as it had been. For the footstool — A house for the ark is here styled, a house for the footstool of our God. Heaven is his throne: the earth and the most magnificent temples thereon are but his footstool. So much difference is there between the manifestations of his glory, in the upper and in the lower world!

Verse 3. Thou shalt not build a house] See 2 Samuel 7:6, 13, and the observations at the end of that chapter.

Verse 4. Over Israel for ever] The government should have no end, provided they continued to walk according to the commandments of God; see 1 Chronicles 28:7. The government, as referring to Christ, is, and will be, without end.

V. 6. My house, &c.-So was he a figure of him that was to come, who is both the founder and the foundation of the gospel-temple.

Verses 6, 7. He shall build my house, &c. — So was he a figure of him that was to come, who is both the founder and the foundation of the gospel temple. I will establish his kingdom for ever — This was to have its accomplishment in the kingdom of the Messiah which shall continue in his hands through all the ages of time, (Isaiah 9:7; Luke 1:33,) and shall then be delivered up to God, even the Father, with whom, however, he shall continue to reign to all eternity. If he be constant to do my commandments — The promise is absolute with regard to the Messiah, but conditional with regard to Solomon. As at this day — As he hath begun, and hitherto continued to do, in some good measure. If we are constant in our duty, then, and not otherwise, we may expect the continuance of his favour.

V. 7. At this day-As he hath begun. This promise is absolute with regard to the Messiah, but conditional, with regard to Solomon. If we are constant in our duty, then and not otherwise, we may expect the continuance of his favour.

Verses 6, 7. He shall build my house, &c. — So was he a figure of him that was to come, who is both the founder and the foundation of the gospel temple. I will establish his kingdom for ever — This was to have its accomplishment in the kingdom of the Messiah which shall continue in his hands through all the ages of time, (Isaiah 9:7; Luke 1:33,) and shall then be delivered up to God, even the Father, with whom, however, he shall continue to reign to all eternity. If he be constant to do my commandments — The promise is absolute with regard to the Messiah, but conditional with regard to Solomon. As at this day — As he hath begun, and hitherto continued to do, in some good measure. If we are constant in our duty, then, and not otherwise, we may expect the continuance of his favour.

V. 8. Of our God-I exhort and charge you every one, calling God who is here present, and this congregation wherein all Israel are present by their representatives, or witness against you, if you do not follow my counsel. Keep and seek-Keep those commands which you know, and seek for, or search into what you are yet ignorant of, that you may distinctly understand the whole will of God, and seriously give yourselves to the practice of it. God’s commandments cannot be kept without great care.

Verse 8. In the audience of our God] “Before the Word of the Lord.”-T.

Verse 8. In the audience of our God — I exhort and charge you every one, calling God, who is here present, and this congregation, wherein all Israel are present by their representatives, for witnesses against you, if you do not follow my counsel. Keep and seek for all the commandments of the Lord — Keep those commands which you know, and seek for or search into what you are yet ignorant of, that you may distinctly understand the whole will of God, and seriously give yourselves to the practice of it. God’s commandments cannot be kept without great care. And it concerns those who profess religion, as they regard the favour of God, or even their reputation with men, to be faithful to their profession.

V. 9. Know-So as to love and serve him. Words of knowledge in scripture-use commonly imply affection and practice. Or, acknowledge him, as thy God, by loving and obeying him. Searcheth-If thou dost only put on a profession of religion to please me, or if thy obedience to God be unsincere, thou mayest indeed deceive me, but thou canst not deceive him, for he searcheth the motions of thy heart. Cast thee off-Notwithstanding all his promises to me and to my seed, and that great honour and favour which he hath shewed thee.

Verse 9. Know thou the God of thy father — Thou knowest that there is a God, a living and true God, and that the God of thy father is that God: thou knowest not only that he is, but what he is: that he is a Spirit, an infinite and eternal Spirit, self-existent, and therefore independent of, and supreme over, all other beings, who are only the workmanship of his hands. Thou knowest that he is possessed of all possible perfections, of unsearchable wisdom, of almighty power, of unfathomable goodness, of inviolable truth, of impartial justice, of unspeakable mercy and love: that he is thy Creator, Preserver, and Benefactor, to whom thou art indebted for all thy powers and faculties of body and mind; for thy life, and breath, and all things: that he is thy Redeemer and Saviour, thy Governor and Judge. But know him as he makes himself known to his people when he gives them a heart to know him, (Jeremiah 24:7,) and manifests himself to them as he does not to the world. Know him as a sin-pardoning God, merciful to thy unrighteousness, and remembering thy sins and iniquities no more, Jeremiah 31:34. Know him so as to be acquainted, intimately acquainted, and at peace with him, Job 22:21; so as to love and live to him: for God is love, and God is holy, and he that loveth him not, knoweth him not, 1 John 4:7, 8; and, he that saith he knoweth him and loveth him, and keepeth not his commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him, 1 John 2:4. And serve him — That is, worship and obey him, and endeavour to serve and promote his honour and interest in the world, which is the interest of piety and virtue, of truth and grace. With a perfect heart — Not only with a sincere and upright heart, but with an entire and undivided heart, or with thy whole heart, being fervent in his love, and zealous in his service, and therefore with a heart entirely changed and made new, Ezekiel 36:26. And with a willing mind — Not with reluctance, as if his service were a bondage and drudgery; but with alacrity, delight, and joy, and from a principle of love to him and his service, knowing by experience that it is perfect freedom. For the Lord searcheth all hearts — And as he has made it the indispensable duty of all ranks and conditions of mankind, of kings as well as their subjects, to know, love, and serve him, in sincerity and truth; so he takes notice, and perfectly knows, whether they do so or not; nor can any one impose on him by false pretences. If thou, Solomon my son, only take up a form or profession of religion to please me and others; or if thy obedience to God be insincere, thou mayest indeed deceive man, but thou canst not deceive him, for he searcheth the desires and designs, the counsels and intentions, nay, the thoughts and imaginations, and all the motions of the heart. If thou seek him — In the way he hath appointed, by prayer, meditation upon, faith in, and obedience to, his word; if thou seek him sincerely, perseveringly, and with all thy heart; he will be found of thee — Will manifest himself to thee by his holy and enlightening Spirit, will make himself known to thee as thy friend, and father, and God in covenant: yea, he that commanded light to shine out of darkness, will shine into thy heart, and give thee the light of the knowledge of his glory; so that, beholding his glory with open face, thou shalt be changed into his image, and shalt resemble the God thou lovest and servest, 2 Corinthians 3:18. But if, after having known, and loved, and begun to serve him aright, thou forsake him — Desert his love and service, and turn from following him; he will cast thee off for ever — Notwithstanding his promises to me and my seed, and that great honour and favour which he hath showed thee. Reader, observe, this advice and charge, given by David to his son Solomon, is given by the Holy Ghost to thee, and every human creature into whose hands these divine oracles come. O! see that thou attend to it, and make it thy chief care, and the constant business of thy life, to comply with and reduce it to practice.

V. 10. The sanctuary-For the ark to dwell in. Be strong-Take courage to break through all difficulties. Without this, we can do no work of God as we ought.

Verse 10. The Lord hath chosen thee] “The Word of the Lord hath chosen thee.”-T.

Verse 10. A house for a sanctuary — That is, a sanctuary, or holy place, for the ark to dwell in. Be strong, and do it — Take courage and resolution to break through all difficulties, troubles, discouragements, and oppositions, which thou mayest possibly meet with.

V. 11. The porch-Of the temple. The houses-The houses of the temple, namely, the holy place, and the holy of holies. Parlours-Those rooms which were made against the wall of the house round about, 1 Kings 6:5. The place-In what particular part of the holy of holies it was to be placed.

Verse 11. David gave to Solomon-the pattern] He gave him an ichnograph of the building, with elevations, sections, and specifications of every part; and all this he received by inspiration from God himself, (see 1 Chronicles 28:12, 19,) just as Moses had received the plan of the tabernacle.

The treasuries thereof] wykzng ganzaccaiv. The word Ëzng ganzach is not Hebrew, but is supposed to be Persian, the same word being found in Esther 3:9. In this tongue we have the word [Persian] ganj, a granary, a hidden treasure, and [Persian] gunjoor, and [Persian] gunjineh, a treasure, treasury, or barn. Parkhurst supposes that it is compounded of zng ganaz, to treasure up, and Ëz zach, pure; a treasury for the most precious things.

Verse 11. David gave Solomon the pattern of the porch — To wit, of the temple, which is necessarily to be understood. And of the houses thereof — The houses of the temple, namely, of the holy place, and the holy of holies. And of the inner parlours thereof — Those rooms which were made against the walls of the house round about, 1 Kings 6:5. And of the place of the mercy-seat — In what particular part of the holy of holies it was to be placed.

11. The pattern — Jehovah had somehow revealed to David the pattern of the temple, as he revealed to Moses that of the tabernacle. Exodus 26:30. The porch — See on 1 Kings 6:3. The houses thereof — The two main rooms, the holy place and the holy of holies, called in 1 Kings 6:17, 27, respectively “the house” and “the inner house.” The treasuries — These were probably located in some of the side chambers. The upper chambers — These are mentioned again in 2 Chronicles 3:9, and are probably to be understood of the upper tier or story of the side chambers, mentioned in 1 Kings 6:5. Bertheau thinks they were over the most holy place, which, being twenty cubits every way, left a vacant space above of twenty cubits square and ten cubits high. But the place above the oracle would have been most likely left in darkness, and the plan of the temple as given in 1 Kings 6, shows no way of access to it. The inner parlours thereof — These were probably the more private apartments of the middle and lower stories of the side chambers. The place of the mercy seat — Hebrew, house of the capporeth; that is, the oracle, or holy of holies. See on 1 Kings 6:20.

V. 12. By the spirit-All the particulars of the tabernacle built by Moses were suggested to him by God’s spirit, and it is not credible that God would use less care and exactness in the building of this far more glorious and durable work. All this, it seems, was given him in writing, probably by the ministry of an angel. The temple was to be a sacred thing, a type of Christ, of his church, and of heaven. Therefore it was not to be contrived by man’s invention, but to be framed by divine institution. So Christ, the true temple, the church, the gospel-temple, and heaven, the everlasting temple, are all framed according to the divine counsels, and the plan laid before the world began. It is supposed, the tabernacle of Moses, with all its utensils, being wanted no more, was laid up here.

Verse 12. All that he had by the Spirit] “By the Spirit of prophecy that was with him.”-T.

Verse 12. The pattern of all he had by the Spirit — By the Spirit of God, as is evident from verse 19. All the particulars of the tabernacle built by Moses were suggested to him by God’s Spirit, and it is not credible that God would use less care and exactness in the building of this far more glorious and durable work. All this, it seems, was given him in writing, probably by the ministry of an angel. The temple was to be a sacred thing, a type of Christ, of his church, and of heaven. Therefore it was not to be contrived by man’s invention, but to be framed by divine institution. So Christ the true temple, the church, the gospel temple, and heaven, the everlasting temple, are all framed according to the divine counsels, and the plan laid before the world began. It is supposed, the tabernacle of Moses, with all its utensils, being wanted no more, was laid up here.

Verse 12. The pattern of all that he had by the Spirit. Though the Septuagint read, “the pattern of all that he had in his mind;” yet from ver. 19, and from Exodus 31:3, it is plain enough that the idea of the temple and its altar was made known to David by revelation, and by him committed to writing and delivered to Solomon. Hence we religiously contemplate the temple as a faint figure of the church of Christ, and of the state of the heavenly kingdom; and we find this idea constantly followed in the book of Revelation. The ritual law is expressly said to have been a shadow of good things to come.

12. The pattern of all that he had by the Spirit — Rather, of all that was in spirit with him; that is, of all that was pictured or conceived in his own mind. The words do not warrant the explanation, all that was shown him by the Holy Spirit.

Verse 14. Of gold by weight] The quantity of gold which was to be put in each article.

V. 15. According, &c.-Whether they were fixed in one place, whereof there were ten in the holy place, or to be carried from place to place.

Verse 15. For the candlesticks] There was but one chandelier in the tabernacle; there were ten in the temple. See 1 Kings 7:49.

Verses 15, 16. According to the use of every candlestick — Whether they were to be fixed in one place, whereof there were ten in the holy place, or to be carried from place to place. Gold for the tables — There were divers tables to be used about the show-bread; but one of them seems to have been of more eminence than the rest, and therefore it is commonly called the table of the show-bread, in the singular number.

15, 16. The candlesticks of silver and the tables of silver are mentioned nowhere else. They were probably for the more private use of the priests and Levites.

V. 16. The tables-There were divers tables to be used about the shew-bread; but one of them seems to have been of more eminency than the rest, and therefore it is commonly called the table of the shew-bread in the singular number.

Verses 15, 16. According to the use of every candlestick — Whether they were to be fixed in one place, whereof there were ten in the holy place, or to be carried from place to place. Gold for the tables — There were divers tables to be used about the show-bread; but one of them seems to have been of more eminence than the rest, and therefore it is commonly called the table of the show-bread, in the singular number.

15, 16. The candlesticks of silver and the tables of silver are mentioned nowhere else. They were probably for the more private use of the priests and Levites.

V. 18. Refined gold-Purer than any of the rest. For that was typical of the intercession of Christ, than which nothing can be more pure and perfect. The cherubim-Which Solomon was to make, (for those which were fastened to the mercy-seat were made by Moses long before) which he fitly compares to a chariot, because within them God is said to sit and to dwell. And because a chariot is made to carry a person from place to place, this expression may be used to intimate that God was not so fixed to them by the building of this temple, but that he would remove from them if they forsook him. Covered-Not above it, for that was done by Moses’s cherubim, but before it, to keep it from the eyes of the high-priest, when he entered into the most holy place.

Verse 18. The chariot of the cherubims] “And the figure of the chariot, like to the figure of the propitiatory, where are the figures of the golden cherubim, extending their wings and covering the ark of the covenant of the Lord.”-T.

Verse 18. For the altar of incense reigned gold — Purer than any of the rest. For that was typical of the intercession of Christ, than which nothing can be more pure and perfect. The chariot of the cherubim — Which Solomon was to make, (for those which were fastened to the mercy-seat were made by Moses long before,) which he fitly compares to a chariot, because within them God is said to sit and to dwell. And because a chariot is made to carry a person from place to place, this expression may be used to intimate, that God was not so fixed to them by the building of this temple, but that he would remove from them if they forsook him. Covered the ark — Not above it, for that was done by Moses’s cherubim, but before it, to keep it from the eyes of the high-priest, when he entered into the most holy place.

18. The chariot of the cherubim — The words chariot and cherubim are grammatically in apposition — the chariot, namely, the cherubim. The cherubim were themselves regarded as the chariot on which Jehovah rode. Psalm 18:10.

V. 19. In writing-God revealed this to some man of God, who put it into writing, and by him to David. Or, God did, as it were, by his own hand, (where-with he wrote the Ten Commandments) write these things upon the table of his mind.

Verse 19. Understand in writing] In some vision of ecstasy he had seen a regularly sketched out plan, which had made so deep an impression on his mind that he could readily describe it to his son.

“That the architecture of the temple,” says Dr. Delaney, “was of Divine origin, I, for my part, am fully satisfied from this passage, and am confirmed in this opinion by finding from Vilalpandas that the Roman, at least the Greek, architecture is derived from this, as from its fountain; and in my humble opinion even an infidel may easily believe these to be of Divine original, inasmuch as they are, at least the latter is, found perfect in the earliest models; nor hath the utmost reach of human wisdom, invention, and industry, been ever able to improve it, or alter it but to disadvantage, through the course of so many ages.”

Verse 19. The Lord made me understated in writing — The meaning is, either, 1st, That God revealed this to Samuel, or Gad, or Nathan or some other man of God, to be by them put in writing, and communicated to David: or, 2d, That God did, as it were, by his own hand and finger, (wherewith he wrote the ten commandments,) write these things upon the table of his mind.

19. The Lord made me understand in writing by his hand upon me — Literally, the whole in a writing from the hand of Jehovah upon me he taught, all the works of the pattern. The meaning of this passage seems to be, that David had committed his plans for the temple to writing, and having modelled them largely after the pattern of the tabernacle, and conscious of the Divine inspiration and approval with which he wrote, he presented his patterns to Solomon as no devices or plans of his own invention, but as truly God-given as that received by Moses in the mount. Exodus 25:40. It need not be assumed, however, that David received the revelation of his plans in the same way that Moses did those of the tabernacle.

V. 20. My God-Whom I have chosen and served, who has all along been with me and prospered me, I recommend thee to him; he will be with thee, to strengthen, direct and prosper thee. The God that owned our fathers, and carried them thro’ the services of their day, will, in like manner, if we are faithful to him, go along with us in our day, and will never fail us. God never leaves any, unless they first leave him.

Verse 20. The Lord God-my God, will be with thee] “The Word of the Lord my God will be thy assistant.”-T.

Verse 20. The Lord, even my God, will be with thee — He whom I have chosen and served, who has all along been with me, and prospered me. I recommend thee to him; he will be with thee, to strengthen, direct, and prosper thee. The God that owned our fathers, and carried them through the services of their day, will, in like manner, if we are faithful to him, go along with us in our day, and will never fail us. God never leaves any, unless they first leave him.

Verse 21. Behold, the courses of the priests] The priests and the Levites, the cunning artificers, and the princes of the people, will be at thy command. Thus David, having assigned him his work, and described the manner in which it was to be done, shows him who were to be his assistants in it, and encourages him in the great undertaking. Here we find piety, good sense, prudence, zeal for the public welfare and God’s glory, the strongest attachments to the worship of Jehovah, and concern for the ordinances of religion, all united; and Solomon has his danger, his duty, and his interest placed before him in the truest and most impressive light by his pious and sensible father.

I CHRONICLES