Section 8: Regular Verbs

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SECTION VIII.
OF REGULAR VERBS IN W.
1. THERE are four Conjugations of Verbs in w, known by the characteristic
letter.
2. The characteristic letter is that which precedes the w.
3. The characteristic letters of the First Conjugation are p, b, f, pt of the
Second, k, g, c, ss, tt of the Third, t, d, q, z, w pure; of the Fourth, l, m,
n, r, mn.
4. The First Conjugation forms the First Future in yw, and the Perfect in
fa the Second, in xw, and the Perfect in ca the Third, in sw, and the
Perfect in ka the Fourth, in w~, and the Perfect in ka.
5. The First Future Tense of the Fourth Conjugation, and the Second
Future of all the Conjugations, circumflect the original w.
6. The Perfect Tense, and all those derived from it, have an Argument in
the beginning.
7. The Argument is two-fold;
(1.) That of the Quantity, which changes a, e, into h o into w as, ἀγω,
ἠχα ejlpizw, ἠλπικα ὀρύττω, ὠρυχα.
(2.) the Syllabic, which is e prefixed to the Consonant; as, ψάλλω,
ἐψαλκα.
8. If a single consonant, or a mute with a liquid following it, begins a Verb,
the Perfect repeats the first consonant with e as, λέγω, λέλεχα γράφω,
γέγραφα.
9. Four Verbs beginning with a have no Augment; ἀω, ἀον ai`>w, ἀι`on
ἀηθέσσω, ἀήθεσσον ἀηδίζομαι, ἀηδιζόμην.

10. Likewise Verbs in oi have no Augment.
11. But a few take w| for oi as, οἰμώζω, w|]mwzon.
12. In Compound Verbs, if there is no Preposition, the Augment is at the
beginning; as, φιλοσοφέω, ἐφιλοσόφεον αὐτομολέω, ἠυτομόλεον.
13. So it also in Verbs compounded with eu and duv, if a consonant or
immutable vowel follows; as, δυσυχέω, ἐδυσύχεον.
14. But if a changeable vowel or dipthong follow, the Augment is in the
middle; as, εὐορκέω, εὐώρκεον.
15. If the Verb is compounded with a Preposition that does not change the
signification, the Augment is commonly at the beginning; as, εὑδω, and
καθεύδω, I sleep, ἐκάθευδον.
16. Or, if it is compounded with a Private; as, ἀφρονέω, ἠφρόνεον.
17. But if the Preposition changes the signification, the Augment is
generally in the middle; as, προσβάλλω, προσέβαλλον.
18. Some few have an Augment both in the beginning and middle; as,
ἀνορθόω, ἠώρθοον.
19. Some Verbs beginning with e take i for their Augment; as, ἑλκω,
ei=lkon.
20. The Augment goes no farther than the Indicative Mood, except in the
Perfect and Paulo-post-Future Tenses.
21. But some few Verbs keep their Augment through all the Moods; as,
ἐπω, Ind. 2. εἰπον, eijpe<, εἰποιμι, εἰπω, εἰπεῖν, εἰπών.
22. Verbs have three Voices; the Active, Passive, and Middle Voice.

23. The Middle Voice is declined like the Active in the Perfect and
Preterpluperfect Tenses; like the Passive in all other Tenses. Its
signification is generally Active, especially in the Perfects, Indefinites, and
Futures; but its Present and Imperfect, being always the same as in the
Passive, signify either Actively or Passively.
24. When the First Person Plural ends in men, the First Person Dual is
wanting; but when the Third Person Plural ends in oi or tai, the Third
Dual is like the Second.
ACTIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Dual. Plural.
Present. τύπτ-w eiv ei eton eton omen ete ousi
Imperf. ἐτυπτ-on ev e eton έτην omen ete on
Fut. 1. τύψ-w eiv ei eton eton omen ete ousi
Indef. 1. ἐτυψ-a av e aton άτην amen ate an
Fut. 2. tup-w~ εῖς ei~ εῖτον εῖτον οῦμεν εῖτε οῦσι
Indef. 2. ἐτυπ-on ev e eton έτην omen ete on
Perfect τέτυφ-a av e aton aton amen ate asi
Preterpl. ἑτετύφ-ein eiv ei eiton είτην eimen eite eisan
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Singular. Dual. Plural.
Pres. & Imperf. τύπτ-e έτω eton έτων ete έτωσαν
Indef. 1. τύψ-on άτω aton άτων ate άτωσαν
Indef. 2. τύπ-e έτω eton έτων ete έτωσαν
Perf. & preterpl. τέτυφ-e έτω eton έτων ete έτεσαν

OPTATIVE MOOD: Εἰθε.
Singular. Dual. Plural.
Pres. & Imp. τύπτ-oimi oiv oi oiton οίτην oimen oite oien
Fut. 1. τύψ-oimi
Perf. & Plup. τετύφ-oimi
Indef. 2. τύπ-oimi
Indef. 1. τύψ-aimi aiv ai aiton αίτην aimen aite aien
Fut. 2. tup-οῖμι οῖς oi~ οῖτον οίτην οῖμεν οῖτε οῖεν
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD: ’Εάν.
Singular. Dual. Plural.
Pres. & Imp. τύπτ-w ῃς h| hton hton wmen hte wsi
Ind. 1. Fut. 1. τύψ-w
Ind. 2. Fut. 2. τύπ-w
Perf. & Plup. τετύφ-w
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Pres. & Imp. τύπτειν Fut. 1. τύψειν Indef. 1. tuyai
Perf. & Plup. τετυφέναι Fut. 2. & Indef. 2. τυπεῖν
PARTICIPLES.
Pres. & Imp. τύπτ-wn ousa on Indef. 1. τύψ-av asa an
Fut. 1. τύψ-wn Perf. & plup. tetuf-wv υῖα ὸς
Indef. 2. tup-ὼν Fut. 2. tup-ῶν οῦσα οῦν
Cognate Tenses in the Active Voice.
Indic. Imper. Opt. Subjunc. Infin. Partic.
Pres. τύπτω τύπτε τύπτοιμι τύπτω τύπτειν τύπτων
Imperf. ἐτυπτον
Perf. τέτυφα τέτυφε τετύφοιμι τετύφω τετυφέναι τετυφὼς
Preterpl. ἐτετύφειν
Fut. 1. τύψω τύψοιμι τύψειν τύψων

Indef. 1. ἐτυψα τύψον τύψαιμι τύφω τύψαι τύψας
Indef 2. ἐτυπον τύπε τύποιμι τύπω τυπεῖν τυπὼν
Fut. 2. tupw~ τυποῖμι τυπεῖν τυπῶν
The First Future in Liquids is formed like the Second: —
Fut. 1. sperw~ σπεροῖμι σπερεῖν σπερῶν
PASSIVE VOICE.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Present. S. τύπτ-omai h| etai
D. όμεθον esqon esqon
P. όμεθα esqe ontai
Imperf. S. ejtupt-omnh ou eto
D. όμεθον esqon έσθην
P. όμεθα esqe onto
Perfect. S. τέτυ-mmai yai ptai
D. mmeqon fqon fqon
P. mmeqa fqe μμένοι (eijsi<)
Preterpl. S. ejtetu>-mmhn yw pto
D. mmeqon fqon fqon
P. mmeqa fqe tetu-μμένοι (ἠσαν)
Paulo-post F. S. τετύψ-omai h| etai
D. όμεθον esqon esqon
P. όμεθα esqe ontai
Indef. 1. S. ἐτύφθ-hn hv h
D. hton ήτην
P. hmen hte hsan

Indef. 2. S. ἐτύπ-hn
Fut. 1. S. τυφθήσ-omai h| etai
D. όμεθον esqon esqon
P. όμεθα esqe ontai
Fut. 2. S. τυπήσ-omai
IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Pres. & Imperf. S. τύπτ-ou έσθω
D. esqon έσθων
P. esqe ejsqwsan
Perf. & Preterpl. S. τέτυ-yo fqw
D. fqon fqwn
P. fqe fqwsan
Indef. 1. S. τύφθ-hti ήτω
D, hton ήτων
P. hte ήτωσαν
Indef. 2. S. τύπ-hqi
OPTATIVE MOOD: Εἰθε.
Pres. & Imp. S. tupt-οίμην oio oito
D. οίμεθον oisqon οίσθην
P. οίμεθα oisqe ointo
Fut. 1. S. tufqhs-οίμην
Fut. 2. S. tuphs-οίμην
Paulo-post F. S. tetuy-οίμην

Ind. 1. S. tufqei>-hn hv h
D. hton ήτην
P. hmen hte hsan
Ind. 2. S. tupei>-hn
Perf. & Plup S. τετυμμένος εἰην εἰης εἰη
D. τετυμμένω εἰητον εἰήτην}
P. τετυμμένοι εἰημεν εἰητε εἰησαν
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD: ’Εάν.
Pres. & Imp. S. tupt-wmai h|
D. ώμεθον hsqon hsqon
P. ώμεθα hsqe wntai
Fut. 1. S. τυφθήσ-wmai
Ind. 1. S. tufq-w~ h~|v h~|
D. ῆτον ῆτον
P. ῶμεν ῆτε ῶσι
Ind. 2. S. tup-w~
Perf. & Plup. S. tetummenov w+ h~|v h+|
D. tetummenw ἠτον ἠτον
P. τετυμμένοι ὠμεν ἠτε ὠσι
INFINITIVE MOOD.
Pres. & Imperf. τύπτεσθαι Perf. & Plup. τετύφθαι
Paulo-post Fut. τετύψεσθαι Indef. 1. τυφθῆναι
Indef. 2. τυπῆναι Fut. 1. τυφθήσεσθαι
Fut. 2. τυπήσεσθαι

PARTICIPLES.
Pres. & Imp. τυπτόμεν-ov h on Perf. & Plup. τετυμμέν-ov
Paulo-post F. τετυψόμεν-ov Fut. 1. τυφθησόμεν-ov
Fut. 2. τυπησόμεν-ov
Indef. 1. tufq-εὶς εῖσα ὲν Indef. 2. tup-ὲις
Cognate Tenses in the Passive Voice.
Present and Imperfect.
Indic. τύπτομαι, ἐτυπτόμην, Imper. τύπτου, Opt. τυπτοίμην,
Subj. τύπτωμαι, Infin. τετύφθαι, Part. τυπτόμενος.
Perfect and Preterpluperfect.
Indic. τέτυμμαι, ἐτετύμμην, Imper. τέτυψο, Opt. τετυμμένος ἐιην,
Subj. τετυμμένος w+, Infin. τετύφθαι, Part. τετυμμένος.
Paulo-Post Futurum.
Indic. τετύψομαι, Opt. τετυψοίμην,
Infin. τετύψεσθαι, Part. τετυψόμενος.
Indefinite 1.
Indic. ἐτύφθην, Imper. τύφθητι, Opt. τυφθείην,
Subj. tufqw~+, Infin. τυφῆναι, Part. τυφθείς.
Future 1.
Indic. τυφθῆσομαι, Opt. τυφθησοίμην, Subj. τυφθήσωμαι,
Infin. τυφθήσεσθαι, Part. τυφθησόμενος.
Indefinite 2.
Indic. ἐτύπην, Imper. τύπηθι, Opt. τυπείην,
Subj. tuow~, Infin. τυπῆναι, Part. τυπείς.
Future 2.
Indic. τυπήσομαι, Opt. τυπησοίμην,
Infin. τυπήσεσθαι, Part. τυπησόμενος.

MIDDLE VOICE.
The Present and Imperfect are the same in all Moods as the Passive.
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Perfect. S. τέτυπ-a av e
D. aton aton
P. amen ate asi
Preterpl. S. ἐτετύπ-ein eiv ei
D. eiton είτην
P. eite eisan
Indef. 1. S. ejtuy-άμην w ato
D. άμεθον asqon άσθην
P. άμεθα asqe anto
Fut. 1. S. τύψ-omai h| etai
D. όμεθον esqon esqon
P. όμεθα esqe ontai
Indef. 2. S. ejtup-όμην ou eto
D. όμεθον esqon έσθην
P. όμεθα esqe onto
Fut. 2. S. tup-οῦμαι h~| εῖται
D. ούμεθον εῖσθον εῖσθον
P. ούμεθα εῖσθε οῦνται
Fut. 1. S. sper-οῦμαι h~| εῖται
D. ούμεθον εῖσθον εῖσθον
P. ούμεθα εῖσθε οῦνται

IMPERATIVE MOOD.
Perf. & Preterpl. S. τέτυπ-e έτω
D. eton έτων
P. ete έτωσαν
Indef. 1. S. τύψ-ai άσθω
D. asqon άσθων
P. asqe άσθωσαν
Indef. 2. S. τύπ-ou έσθω
D. esqon έσθων
P. esqe έσθωθαν
OPTATIVE MOOD: Εἰθε.
Perf. & Plup S. τετύπ-oimi oiv oi
D. oiton οίτην
P. oimen oite oien
Indef. 1. S. tuy-αίμην aio aito
D. αίμεθον aisqon αίσθην
P. αίμεθα aisqe ainto
Fut. 1. S. tuy-οίμην oio oito
D. οίμεθον oisqon οίσθην}
P. οίμεθα oisqe ointo

Indef. 2. S. tup-οίμην oio oito
D. οίμεθον oisqon οίσθην
P. οίμεθα oisqe ointo
Fut. 2. S. tup-οίμην oio oito
D. οίμεθον οῖσθον οίσθην
P. οίμεθα οῖσθε οῖντο
SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD: ’Εάν.
Perf. & Plup. S. τετύπ-w ῃς h|
D. hton hton
P. wmen hte wsi
Ind. 1. & Fut. 1. S. τύψ-wmai h| htai
D. ώμεθον hsqon hsqon
P. ώμεθα hsqe wntai
Indef. 2. S. τύπ-wmai h| htai
D. ώμεθον hsqon hsqon
P. ώμεθα hsqe wntai
Cognate Tenses in the Middle Voice.
Present and Imperfect.
Indic. τύπτομαι, ἐτυπτόμην, Imper. τύπτου, Opt. τυπτοίμην,
Subj. τύπτωμαι, Infin. τύπτεσθαι, Part. τυπτόμενος.
Future 1.
Indic. τύψομαι, Opt. τυψοίμην,
Infin. τύψεσθαι, Part. τυψόμενος.
Indefinite 1.
Indic. ἐτυψάμην, Imper. τύψαι, Opt. τυψαίμην,
Subj. τύψωμαἰ, Infin. τύψασθαι, Part. τυψάμενος.

Perfect and Preterpluperfect.
Indic. τέτυπα, ἐτετύπειν, Imper. τέτυπε, Opt. τυποίμην,
Subj. τετύπὠ, Infin. τετυπέναι, Part. τετυπώς.
Indefinite 2.
Indic. ὲτυπόμην, Imper. tupou~, Opt. τυποίμην,
Subj. τύπωμαι, Infin. τυπέσθαι, Part. τυπόμενος.
Future 2.
Indic. τυποῦμαι, Opt. τυποίμην,
Infin. τυπεῖσθαι, Part. τυπούμενος.
Future 1. (Liquids.)
Indic. σπεροῦμαι, Opt. σπεροίμην,
Infin. σπερεῖσθαι, Part. σπερούμενος.
A Verb Deponent in omai forms the Second Future and Second Indefinite
Tenses as those of the middle Voice; as, πυθοῦμαι, ἐπυθόμην: The First
Future and First Indefinite as δεχθήσομαι, ἐδέχθην: The other Tenses as
those of the Passive.
The Tenses that are Passively formed have a Passive signification; the
others, mostly an Active.
Few Verbs have all the Tenses.
A Verb Deponent is thus conjugated: —
INDICATIVE MOOD.
Pres. δέχομαι, Imp. ἐδεχόμην, Fut. 1. δέξομαι, Indef. 1. ἐδεξάμην,
Perf. δέδεγμαι, Preterpl. ἐδεδέγμην Paulo-post F. δεδέξομαι,
Indef. 2.ἐδέχθην, Fut. 2. δεχθήσομαι.

IMPERATIVE.
Pres. δέχου, Indef. 1. δέξαι, Perf. δέδεξο, Indef. 2. δέχθητι.
OPTATIVE.
Pres. δεχοίμην, Fut. 1. δεξοίμην, Indef. 1. δεξαίμην,
Perf. δεδεγμένος εἰην, Paulo-post F. δεδξοίμην, Indef.
2.δεχθείην,
Fut. 2. δεχθησοίμην.
SUBJUNCTIVE.
Pres. δέχωμαι, Indef. 1. δέξωμαι. Perf. δεδεγμένος w+,
Indef. 2. decqw~.
INFINITIVE.
Pres. δεχόμενος, Fut. 1. δέξεσθαι, Indef. 1. δέξασθαι, Perf. δεδέχθαι,
Paulo-post F. δεδέξεσθαι, Indef. 2.δεχθῆναι, Fut. 2. δεχθήσεσθαι.
PARTICIPLES.
Pres. δεχόμενος Fut. 1. δεξόμενος, Indef. 1. δεξάμενος,
Perf. δεδεγμένος, Paulo-post F. δεδεξόμενος, Indef. 2. δεχθεὶς,
Fut. 2. δεχθησόμενος.